Common causes of uveitis based on the pattern of disease
| Pattern of Uveitis | Common Diseases Associated with Pattern a |
|---|---|
| Anterior | |
| Acute, recurrent unilateral | SpA (B27+), idiopathic (HLA-B27 and non-HLA-B27-associated), herpes viruses (HSV, VZV) |
| Acute, non-recurrent unilateral | Idiopathic (HLA-B27 and non-HLA-B27 associated), SpA, herpes viruses |
| Acute bilateral | Idiopathic non-HLA-B27-associated, TINU, Behçet’s, SS |
| Chronic | Idiopathic non-HLA-B27-associated, JIA, SS, sarcoidosis, SpA, Lyme, syphilis, TB |
| Intermediate | Pars planitis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, Behçet’s disease, Lyme |
| Posterior | Toxoplasmosis, VKH, Behçet’s disease, sarcoidosis, herpes viruses, TB, Lyme, SpA (PsA, IBD) |
| Panuveitis | Toxoplasmosis, VKH, Behçet’s disease, sarcoidosis, IBD, herpes viruses, TB, bacterial, fungal |
HLA, Human leukocyte antigen; HSV, herpes simplex virus; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; PSA, psoriatic arthritis; SpA, spondyloarthropathy; TINU, tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome; VKH, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome; VZV, varicella zoster virus.
a Behçet’s disease, sarcoidosis, Lyme, syphilis, and herpes viruses can present with any form of uveitis . Various ophthalmologic syndromes (e.g., Fuchs’ heterochromic cyclitis, birdshot retinochoroidopathy) are also common causes of uveitis. No etiology is identified in ∼30%.
