Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent

Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent Brand Names

Pneumovax 23 | Pnu-Imune-23 | Prevnar | Prevnar 13

What is Pneumococcal Vaccine Polyvalent

Pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent confers immunity against pneumococcal disease, which may manifest as, but is not limited to, otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, or meningitis.

The prevention of serious pneumococcal disease has become an increasingly important health issue due to the increased number of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that are drug resistant.

Two different polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines, each containing highly purified capsular polysaccharides from S. pneumoniae, are available: non-conjugated (Pneumovax 23) and conjugated (Prevnar 13).

Both vaccines are designed to protect against the most frequent bacterial serotypes associated with pneumococcal infection; however, unlike Pneumovax 23, the capsular polysaccharides in Prevnar 13 are coupled to another antigen (diphtheria CRM₁₉₇) to induce a more effective T-cell response that is immunogenic in patients < 2 years of age whose immune systems are not fully mature.

Pneumovax 23, a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine, was licensed for use in the US in 1983, replacing the 14-valent vaccine, which was originally approved by the FDA in 1977.

In February 2010, Prevnar 13 was FDA approved to replaces the heptavalent conjugated vaccine, Prevnar. Prevnar 13 contains the 7 serotypes in Prevnar plus 6 additional serotypes.

Indications

• otitis media prophylaxis
• pneumococcal prophylaxis

For pneumococcal prophylaxis

for routine prophylaxis of infants and children as part of the primary childhood immunization schedule

Side Effects

1. anaphylactic shock
2. anaphylactoid reactions
3. angioedema
4. anorexia
5. aplastic anemia
6. arthralgia
7. Arthus reaction
8. back pain
9. bronchospasm
10. chills
11. diarrhea
12. dizziness
13. drowsiness
14. dyspepsia
15. dyspnea
16. ecchymosis
17. erythema
18. erythema multiforme
19. fatigue
20. fever
21. Guillain-Barre syndrome
22. headache
23. hemolytic anemia
24. hypotonia
25. infection
26. injection site reaction
27. insomnia
28. irritability
29. leukocytosis
30. lymphadenopathy
31. malaise
32. myalgia
33. nausea
34. pallor
35. paresthesias
36. petechiae
37. pharyngitis
38. pruritus
39. purpura
40. rash
41. seizures
42. serum sickness
43. syncope
44. thrombocytopenia
45. urticaria
46. vomiting

Monitoring Parameters

• laboratory monitoring not necessary

Contraindications

• acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• anticoagulant therapy
• breast-feeding
• cardiac disease
• chemotherapy
• children
• coagulopathy
• fever
• hemophilia
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
• immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• immunosuppression
• infants
• intravenous administration
• neonates
• organ transplant
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• pulmonary disease
• radiation therapy
• thrombocytopenia
• vitamin K deficiency

Interactions

• Acetaminophen
• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
• Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
• Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
• Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
• Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
• Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene
• Acetaminophen; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Tramadol
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
• Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
• Celecoxib
• Diclofenac
• Diclofenac; Misoprostol
• Diflunisal
• Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
• Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
• Esomeprazole; Naproxen
• Etodolac
• Famotidine; Ibuprofen
• Fenoprofen
• Flurbiprofen
• Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
• Ibuprofen
• Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
• Ibuprofen; Pseudoephedrine
• Indomethacin
• Ketoprofen
• Ketorolac
• Lansoprazole; Naproxen
• Meclofenamate Sodium
• Mefenamic Acid
• Meloxicam
• Nabumetone
• Naproxen
• Naproxen; Pseudoephedrine
• Naproxen; Sumatriptan
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Ocrelizumab
• Oxaprozin
• Piroxicam
• Rofecoxib
• Siponimod
• Sulindac
• Tolmetin
• Valdecoxib