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Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine MCV4 Brand Names- Menactra | Menveo
What is Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine MCV4
The meningococcal vaccine is available as 4 different formulations: meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Menomune); meningococcal polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Menactra); meningococcal oligosaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Menveo); meningococcal recombinant vaccine (Trumenba and Bexsero).
All 4 vaccines are indicated for the prevention of invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis; Menomune, Menactra, and Menveo are active against serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135, while Trumenba and Bexsero are active against serogroup B.
Meningococcal disease is a result of an invasive infection by N. meningitidis; the 5 main N. meningitidis serogroups responsible for meningococcal disease are A, B, C, Y, or W-135.
Although relatively uncommon in the U.S., meningococcal disease is fatal in approximately 10% to 15% of patients despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, with an additional 10% to 20% experiencing permanent complications (brain damage and limb loss).
Individuals at increased risk for meningococcal disease include infants and children younger than 5 years, adolescents and young adults 16 to 21 years, and the elderly.
Meningococcal polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Menactra) and meningococcal oligosaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (Menveo) are intramuscularly administered vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135.
These vaccines produce similar immune responses for all 4 serogroups as the non-conjugated polysaccharide vaccine (Menomune); however, the conjugated vaccines are more likely to prime immunologic memory because the 4 serogroups are individually conjugated to diphtheria toxoid protein.
Thus, the conjugate vaccines are expected to provide a longer duration of immunity towards meningococcal disease and may provide herd immunity through protection from nasopharyngeal carriage.
As a result, meningococcal conjugate vaccines have largely replaced the use of the non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccine, and is preferred for younger adults, adolescents, children and select infants in noted risk groups; however, these vaccines are not approved for use in patients 55 years of age and older.
The non-conjugated polysaccharide vaccine remains the only licensed meningococcal vaccine approved for use in adults 56 years or older.
Routine vaccination is recommended for adolescents 11 to 18 years of age, preferably with 1 dose of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine at age 11 or 12 years, and a booster dose at 16 years; booster doses may be indicated for individuals who remain at continued risk.
Indications
- meningococcal infection prophylaxis
General Dosing Information
Routine Immunization
- Routine vaccination of all persons 11 to 18 years of age, preferably at age 11 or 12 years, with 1 dose of MCV4 (Menveo or Menactra) is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
- A booster dose at age 16 years is recommended if the primary dose was given at age 11 or 12 years. If the primary dose was given at age 13 to 15 years, give a booster dose at age 16 to 18 years. No booster dose is needed if the primary dose was given on or after age 16 years.
- Pediatric patients who have received Hib-MenCY-TT (MenHibrix), MCV4, or both, prior to their 10th birthday should still receive the routinely recommended doses at age 11 to 12 years and 16 years. For children whom boosters are recommended, follow the booster schedule for patients at increased risk.
Side Effects
- anaphylactic shock
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- anorexia
- arthralgia
- chills
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dyspnea
- erythema
- fatigue
- fever
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- headache
- hypotension
- inconsolable crying
- injection site reaction
- irritability
- lymphadenopathy
- malaise
- myalgia
- myelitis
- nausea
- paresthesias
- pruritus
- rash
- syncope
- urticaria
- vomiting
- wheezing
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- agammaglobulinemia
- anticoagulant therapy
- breast-feeding
- chemotherapy
- coagulopathy
- fever
- geriatric
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- hemophilia
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- hypogammaglobulinemia
- immunosuppression
- infants
- infection
- neonates
- neoplastic disease
- pregnancy
- premature neonates
- radiation therapy
- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- syncope
- thrombocytopenia
- vitamin K deficiency
Interactions
- Ocrelizumab
- Siponimod
