Kanamycin Brand Name– Kantrex
What is Kanamycin
Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces karamyceticus. Injectable kanamycin is used as an irrigant for the prevention of bacterial infections at surgical incisions and in body cavities.
Historically, oral kanamycin has been used to suppress intestinal bacteria and as an adjunct therapy in patients with hepatic encephalopathy; however, the oral formulation is no longer available in the US.
In addition, although kanamycin has previously been used for aerobic gram-negative infections, other aminoglycosides are used preferentially today; kanamycin has a relatively higher incidence of toxicity and is considerably more resistant to gram negative aerobes as compared to other aminoglycosides.
For example, in gram-negative isolates found to be resistant to gentamicin, 92% of the isolates were also resistant to kanamycin, whereas only 41% and 6% of the isolates were resistant to tobramycin and amikacin, respectively.
However, kanamycin may be indicated as a second-line agent for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis when other options are not available.
Kanamycin was approved by the FDA in 1958.
Indications
- Acinetobacter sp.
- bowel preparation
- Citrobacter freundii
- Citrobacter sp.
- Escherichia coli
- gram-negative infection
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
- hepatic encephalopathy
- Klebsiella aerogenes
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Proteus sp.
- Providencia sp.
- Salmonella sp.
- Serratia marcescens
- Shigella sp.
- Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
Side Effects
- azotemia
- cylindruria
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- fever
- headache
- hearing loss
- injection site reaction
- nausea
- nephrotoxicity
- neurotoxicity
- nystagmus
- oliguria
- ototoxicity
- paresthesias
- proteinuria
- pyuria
- rash
- renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
- renal tubular necrosis
- respiratory depression
- seizures
- steatorrhea
- tinnitus
- vertigo
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- vitamin B6 deficiency
- vomiting
- weakness
Monitoring Parameters
- audiometry
- serum aminoglycoside concentrations
- serum creatinine/BUN: in chronic use or acute toxicity
Contraindications
- aminoglycoside hypersensitivity
- asthma
- botulism
- breast-feeding
- colitis
- dehydration
- diarrhea
- electrolyte imbalance
- geriatric
- GI disease
- GI obstruction
- hearing impairment
- ileus
- inflammatory bowel disease
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- nephrotoxicity
- neuromuscular blockade
- neuromuscular disease
- neurotoxicity
- ototoxicity
- parkinsonism
- pregnancy
- pseudomembranous colitis
- renal disease
- renal failure
- renal impairment
- respiratory depression
- respiratory insufficiency
- sulfite hypersensitivity
- ulcerative colitis
Interactions
- Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
- Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
- Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
- Acyclovir
- Adefovir
- Aldesleukin, IL-2
- Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid
- Amlodipine; Benazepril
- Amphotericin B
- Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD)
- Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC)
- Amphotericin B liposomal (LAmB)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Aprotinin
- Aspirin, ASA
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
- Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
- Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
- Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
- Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
- Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
- Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
- Atracurium
- Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine, BCG
- Bacitracin
- Benazepril
- Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
- Beractant
- Bictegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Bismuth Subsalicylate
- Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
- Bleomycin
- Botulinum Toxins
- Bumetanide
- Calfactant
- Capreomycin
- Captopril
- Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
- Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Carboplatin
- Cefepime
- Cefotaxime
- Cefotetan
- Cefoxitin
- Cefprozil
- Ceftazidime
- Ceftazidime; Avibactam
- Ceftizoxime
- Cefuroxime
- Chlorpheniramine
- Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
- Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
- Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
- Chlorpromazine
- Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
- Cidofovir
- Cisatracurium
- Cisplatin
- Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Codeine; Promethazine
- Colfosceril; Cetyl Alcohol; Tyloxapol
- Cyclizine
- Cyclosporine
- Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Deferasirox
- Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Dextromethorphan; Promethazine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Diphenhydramine
- Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
- Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
- Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
- Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
- Doravirine; Lamivudine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- Doxacurium
- Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir
- Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Emtricitabine
- Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
- Emtricitabine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- Enalapril, Enalaprilat
- Enalapril; Felodipine
- Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Enflurane
- Entecavir
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Etomidate
- Fluphenazine
- Foscarnet
- Fosinopril
- Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
- Fospropofol
- Furosemide
- Gallium
- Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate
- Ganciclovir
- General anesthetics
- Ginger, Zingiber officinale
- Gold
- Halothane
- Hyaluronidase, Recombinant; Immune Globulin
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
- Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
- Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
- Ibandronate
- Ibuprofen lysine
- Immune Globulin IV, IVIG, IGIV
- Inotersen
- Iohexol
- Iopamidol
- Iopromide
- Ioversol
- Isoflurane
- Isosulfan Blue
- Ketamine
- Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
- Lisinopril
- Magnesium Salicylate
- Mannitol
- Meclizine
- Meperidine; Promethazine
- Mesoridazine
- Mivacurium
- Moexipril
- Neuromuscular blockers
- Non-Ionic Contrast Media
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Oral Contraceptives
- Oxaliplatin
- Pamidronate
- Pancuronium
- Pentamidine
- Perindopril
- Perindopril; Amlodipine
- Perphenazine
- Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
- Phenylephrine; Promethazine
- Polymyxin B
- Polymyxins
- Poractant Alfa
- Promethazine
- Propofol
- Pyridostigmine
- Quinapril
- Ramipril
- Rapacuronium
- Rocuronium
- Salicylates
- Salsalate
- Scopolamine
- Sevoflurane
- Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
- Streptozocin
- Succinylcholine
- Surfactants
- Tacrolimus
- Telavancin
- Tenofovir Alafenamide
- Tenofovir, PMPA
- Thioridazine
- Torsemide
- Trandolapril
- Trandolapril; Verapamil
- Trifluoperazine
- Trimethobenzamide
- Tubocurarine
- Urea
- Valacyclovir
- Valganciclovir
- Vancomycin
- Vecuronium
- Vitamin C
- Warfarin
- Zalcitabine, ddC
- Zoledronic Acid
