Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine

Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Brand Names- Ixiaro | JE-VAX

What is Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine

Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine is a parenteral viral vaccine that works by inducing antibodies that neutralize live virus.

The arboviral Flavivirus is spread by mosquitos and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Two inactivated vaccines are licensed for use in the United States: JE-VAX and Ixiaro. JE-VAX was prepared by inoculating mice intracerebrally with the virus and harvesting the brains whereas Ixiaro is prepared by propagating a viral strain in Vero cells.

Ixiaro, FDA approved in March 2009, is now the only vaccine commercially available in the US to help prevent Japanese encephalitis.

The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, the manufacturer of JE-VAX vaccine, has discontinued production of JE-VAX.

Indications

  • Japanese encephalitis prophylaxis

General Dosing Information

  • Advise patients to take personal precautions to reduce exposure to mosquito bites. Protective clothing, insect repellents, and outdoor activity avoidance, especially during twilight periods and at night may be appropriate.
  • Immunization is advised for all laboratory workers with potential exposure to infectious Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. Infection may occur via inhalation of aerosolized virus or via percutaneous delivery such as from a needle stick. Vaccine-derived immunity from such exposures is not established but is presumed for percutaneous exposure.
  • Consider immunization for persons planning to reside in areas where JE is endemic or epidemic, longer-term (greater than 1 month) travelers to JE-endemic areas, and frequent travelers to JE-endemic areas. Consider the JE vaccine for shorter-term (less than 1 month) travelers with an increased risk for JE based on planned travel duration, season, location, activities, and accommodations.
  • Immunization is not recommended for short-term travelers whose visit is restricted to urban areas or times outside of a well-defined JE virus transmission season.

Side Effects

  1. anaphylactic shock
  2. anaphylactoid reactions
  3. anorexia
  4. arthralgia
  5. back pain
  6. cough
  7. diarrhea
  8. dizziness
  9. dyspnea
  10. edema
  11. erythema
  12. fatigue
  13. fever
  14. headache
  15. infection
  16. injection site reaction
  17. myalgia
  18. nausea
  19. neuritis
  20. paresthesias
  21. pharyngitis
  22. pruritus
  23. rash
  24. rhinitis
  25. sinus tachycardia
  26. syncope
  27. urticaria
  28. vomiting
  29. weakness
  30. wheezing

Monitoring Parameters

  • laboratory monitoring not necessary

Contraindications

  • anticoagulant therapy
  • breast-feeding
  • coagulopathy
  • geriatric
  • hemophilia
  • immunosuppression
  • infants
  • neonates
  • pregnancy
  • thrombocytopenia
  • vitamin K deficiency

Interactions

  • Ocrelizumab
  • Siponimod
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