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What is Iodixanol
Iodixanol is an iodinated nonionic, iso-osmolar contrast medium used for visualization of the internal structures of the body during angiography including digital subtraction angiography and excretory urography.
Iodixanol is used to enhance computed tomography imaging of the head and body. Iodixanol was approved by the FDA on March 22, 1996.
Iodinated contrast media can be classified as either ionic or nonionic and high-osmolar or low-osmolar.
In general, ionic contrast media (diatrizoate and iothalamate) have a high osmolality (1400 mOsm/kg water or higher) when compared to plasma (285 mOsm/kg water) and cerebrospinal fluid (301 mOsm/kg water). One ionic agent, ioxaglate, is considered to be low-osmolar with an osmolality of 600 mOsm/kg water.
Nonionic contrast media such as iopamidol, iohexol, iopromide, and ioversol are considered low-osmolar with osmolalities ranging from approximately 600 mOsm/kg water to 900 mOsm/kg water.
Iodixanol, a nonionic contrast medium, is considered to be iso-osmolar with an osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg water. Because one of the properties related to toxicity and adverse events is the osmolality of the contrast media, high-osmolar, ionic contrast media tend to be associated with more adverse events than low or iso-osmolar nonionic.
Less toxicity is reported with the low-osmolar ionic contrast media ioxaglate than high-osmolar contrast media; however, the incidence of adverse events is slightly higher with ioxaglate when compared to low-osmolar nonionic contrast media. In addition, recent, limited data indicate that iodixanol, the iso-osmolar contrast medium, may be associated with even less toxicity than low-osmolar.
Radiopaque efficacy of the contrast media depend on the amount of iodine administered to the patient and there appears to be no major difference in the efficacy of the various agents when equal amounts of iodine are given
Indications
- angiography
- computed tomography (CT) imaging
- coronary artery disease diagnosis
- digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
- urography
Side Effects
- agitation
- amnesia
- anaphylactic shock
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angina
- angioedema
- anorexia
- anuria
- anxiety
- aphasia
- apnea
- arachnoiditis
- AV block
- bleeding
- blurred vision
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm
- bundle-branch block
- cardiac arrest
- chest pain (unspecified)
- chills
- coma
- confusion
- conjunctivitis
- cough
- cyanosis
- diaphoresis
- diarrhea
- disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- dizziness
- dysgeusia
- dyspepsia
- dyspnea
- ecchymosis
- erythema
- fever
- flushing
- hallucinations
- headache
- hematoma
- hematuria
- hot flashes
- hyperhidrosis
- hypertension
- hypertensive crisis
- hyperthermia
- hyperthyroidism
- hypoglycemia
- hypotension
- hypoxia
- injection site reaction
- laryngeal edema
- laryngospasm
- maculopapular rash
- malaise
- migraine
- myocardial infarction
- nasal congestion
- nausea
- neutropenia
- oliguria
- pallor
- paresis
- paresthesias
- parosmia
- peripheral edema
- peripheral vasodilation
- petechiae
- polyuria
- pruritus
- pulmonary edema
- rash
- renal failure (unspecified)
- renal tubular necrosis
- respiratory depression
- retroperitoneal bleeding
- rhabdomyolysis
- rhinitis
- seizures
- sinus tachycardia
- skin necrosis
- sneezing
- stroke
- syncope
- thromboembolism
- thrombosis
- thyrotoxicosis
- tinnitus
- tissue necrosis
- urinary retention
- urticaria
- ventricular fibrillation
- vertigo
- visual impairment
- vomiting
- wheezing
- xerostomia
Monitoring Parameters
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- asthma
- atopy
- autoimmune disease
- breast-feeding
- cardiac disease
- children
- coagulopathy
- dehydration
- diabetes mellitus
- emphysema
- extravasation
- females
- geriatric
- heart failure
- hepatic disease
- hyperthyroidism
- hypothyroidism
- infants
- intrathecal administration
- iodine hypersensitivity
- multiple myeloma
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- pheochromocytoma
- pregnancy
- premature neonates
- pulmonary disease
- pulmonary hypertension
- QT prolongation
- radiation exposure
- radiopaque contrast media hypersensitivity
- renal disease
- renal failure
- renal impairment
- seizures
- serious rash
- sickle cell disease
- thromboembolic disease
- thyroid disease
- thyrotoxicosis
- valvular heart disease
Interactions
No information is available regarding drug interactions associated with Iodixanol
