Halothane

What is Halothane

NOTE: This drug is discontinued in the United States.

Halothane is a nonirritating, relatively nonflammable, volatile halogenated gas used as a general anesthetic.

It is supplied as a liquid and is vaporized for use. Halothane is a potent anesthetic in humans, providing rapid induction and recovery from anesthesia.

The depth of anesthesia can be readily altered with halothane use as well.

Halothane is a moderate muscle relaxant, providing less muscle relaxation than either enflurane or isoflurane.

Halothane received FDA approval in March 1958.

Indications

• general anesthesia induction
• general anesthesia maintenance

Side Effects

1. asystole
2. bleeding
3. carboxyhemoglobinemia
4. cardiac arrest
5. delirium
6. fetal death
7. fever
8. headache
9. hepatic failure
10. hepatic necrosis
11. hepatitis
12. hypotension
13. jaundice
14. malignant hyperthermia
15. myoglobinuria
16. nausea
17. neonatal respiratory depression
18. pneumonitis
19. premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
20. pulmonary edema
21. QT prolongation
22. rash
23. renal failure (unspecified)
24. respiratory arrest
25. respiratory depression
26. rhabdomyolysis
27. seizures
28. spontaneous fetal abortion
29. teratogenesis
30. torsade de pointes
31. tremor
32. uterine relaxation
33. ventricular tachycardia
34. vomiting

Monitoring Parameters

• arterial blood gases (ABGs)
• LFTs

Contraindications

• accidental exposure
• breast-feeding
• cardiac arrhythmias
• children
• dental work
• driving or operating machinery
• geriatric
• halogenated anesthetics hypersensitivity
• halothane anesthesia
• head trauma
• hepatic disease
• increased intracranial pressure
• infants
• intracranial mass
• jaundice
• labor
• malignant hyperthermia
• myasthenia gravis
• neonates
• obstetric delivery
• pheochromocytoma
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• QT prolongation
• torsade de pointes

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