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What is Grepafloxacin
NOTE: This drug is discontinued in the US.
Grepafloxacin is an oral, once-a-day fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
It is indicated for the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to susceptible organisms (e.g., mild to moderate cases of chronic bronchitis, and for community-acquired pneumonia) and for uncomplicated gonorrhea and non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.
The gram-negative activity of grepafloxacin is comparable to that of fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin. Gram-positive and anaerobic activity is slightly greater than that of other fluoroquinolones.
Grepafloxacin does not require dosage adjustment in patients with renal dysfunction, however adjustments are necessary in patients with hepatic dysfunction; the drug is contraindicated in patients with hepatic failure.
Grepafloxacin is metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and has a significant interaction with theophylline.
Grepafloxacin was approved by the FDA on November 6, 1997. Grepafloxacin was voluntarily withdrawn from marketing on October 27, 1999 due to severe cardiovascular adverse reactions, including 3 cases of torsades de pointes.
In Germany, the drug has the trade name Vaxar.
Indications
- bronchitis
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- community-acquired pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
- Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Side Effects
- abdominal pain
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- agranulocytosis
- anemia
- angioedema
- anorexia
- anxiety
- aplastic anemia
- arthralgia
- asthenia
- bronchospasm
- confusion
- constipation
- depression
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- dysgeusia
- dyspepsia
- dyspnea
- fever
- hallucinations
- headache
- hemolytic anemia
- hepatic failure
- hepatic necrosis
- hepatitis
- hypotension
- increased intracranial pressure
- insomnia
- interstitial nephritis
- jaundice
- laryngeal edema
- leukopenia
- leukorrhea
- myalgia
- nausea
- nightmares
- orthostatic hypotension
- pancytopenia
- paranoia
- paresthesias
- photosensitivity
- pneumonitis
- pruritus
- pseudomembranous colitis
- psychosis
- QT prolongation
- rash
- renal failure (unspecified)
- restlessness
- seizures
- serum sickness
- sinus tachycardia
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- syncope
- tendon rupture
- thrombocytopenia
- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- torsade de pointes
- toxic epidermal necrolysis
- tremor
- urticaria
- vaginitis
- vasculitis
- visual impairment
- vomiting
- xerostomia
Monitoring Parameters
- LFTs
- serum creatinine/BUN
Contraindications
- atrial fibrillation
- bradycardia
- breast-feeding
- cerebrovascular disease
- children
- corticosteroid therapy
- diabetes mellitus
- diarrhea
- GI disease
- heart failure
- hepatic disease
- hypokalemia
- infants
- inflammatory bowel disease
- myasthenia gravis
- neonates
- organ transplant
- pregnancy
- pseudomembranous colitis
- QT prolongation
- quinolone hypersensitivity
- seizure disorder
- sunlight (UV) exposure
- tendinitis
- tendinopathy
- tendon pain
- tendon rupture
- torsade de pointes
- ulcerative colitis
- viral infection
Interactions
No information is available regarding drug interactions associated with Grepafloxacin
