Fentanyl

Fentanyl Brand Names

ABSTRAL | Actiq | Duragesic | Fentora | IONSYS | Lazanda | Onsolis | Sublimaze | SUBSYS

What is Fentanyl

Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opiate agonist. It is a phenylpiperidine derivative and is structurally similar to meperidine, alfentanil, and sufentanil.

Approved indications for use vary by dosage form and include to provide induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia, to supplement regional and spinal analgesia, to provide analgesia of short duration in the perioperative period, and to treat moderate to severe chronic pain in opioid-tolerant patients or breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant cancer patients.

In anesthesia, fentanyl is preferred to morphine due to its ability to attenuate hemodynamic responses and maintain cardiac stability and may be administered alone, in combination with inhaled or local anesthetics, or with anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines.

Fentanyl products are not interchangeable on a dose per dose basis.

The FDA approved fentanyl for intravenous administration in February 1968. Subsequently, various dosage forms, including transdermal patch, transmucosal lozenge, transmucosal film, buccal tablet, sublingual tablet, nasal spray, sublingual spray, and an iontophoretic transdermal system have become commercially available.

Indications

1. dyspnea
2. general anesthesia induction
3. general anesthesia maintenance
4. moderate pain
5. procedural sedation
6. rapid-sequence intubation
7. sedation maintenance
8. severe pain

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. abnormal dreams
3. adrenocortical insufficiency
4. agitation
5. akathisia
6. alopecia
7. amblyopia
8. amenorrhea
9. amnesia
10. anemia
11. angina
12. anorexia
13. anxiety
14. aphasia
15. apnea
16. arrhythmia exacerbation
17. arthralgia
18. ascites
19. asthenia
20. ataxia
21. atrial fibrillation
22. back pain
23. bladder discomfort
24. bleeding
25. blurred vision
26. bone fractures
27. bone pain
28. bradycardia
29. burns
30. candidiasis
31. cardiac arrest
32. cheilitis
33. chest pain (unspecified)
34. chest wall rigidity
35. chills
36. confusion
37. conjunctivitis
38. constipation
39. cough
40. dehydration
41. dental caries
42. depression
43. diaphoresis
44. diarrhea
45. dizziness
46. drowsiness
47. dysgeusia
48. dyspepsia
49. dysphagia
50. dysphonia
51. dysphoria
52. dyspnea
53. dystonic reaction
54. dysuria
55. ecchymosis
56. edema
57. ejaculation dysfunction
58. elevated hepatic enzymes
59. emotional lability
60. epistaxis
61. eructation
62. erythema
63. euphoria
64. exfoliative dermatitis
65. fatigue
66. fecal incontinence
67. fever
68. flatulence
69. flushing
70. gastritis
71. gastroesophageal reflux
72. GI bleeding
73. GI obstruction
74. gingivitis
75. glossitis
76. gonadal suppression
77. hallucinations
78. headache
79. hearing loss
80. hematemesis
81. hematuria
82. hemoptysis
83. hiccups
84. hot flashes
85. hypercalcemia
86. hyperesthesia
87. hyperglycemia
88. hyperhidrosis
89. hypertension
90. hyperventilation
91. hypoalbuminemia
92. hypocalcemia
93. hypoesthesia
94. hypoglycemia
95. hypokalemia
96. hypomagnesemia
97. hyponatremia
98. hypotension
99. hypothermia
100. hypoventilation
101. hypoxia
102. ileus
103. impaired cognition
104. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
105. increased urinary frequency
106. infection
107. infertility
108. influenza
109. insomnia
110. jaundice
111. laryngitis
112. laryngospasm
113. lethargy
114. leukopenia
115. libido decrease
116. lymphadenopathy
117. maculopapular rash
118. malaise
119. migraine
120. miosis
121. muscle cramps
122. myalgia
123. myocardial infarction
124. myoclonia
125. myopathy
126. nasal congestion
127. nasal irritation
128. nausea
129. neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
130. neutropenia
131. night sweats
132. nocturia
133. ocular hemorrhage
134. oliguria
135. oral ulceration
136. orthostatic hypotension
137. pallor
138. pancytopenia
139. paranoia
140. paresthesias
141. parosmia
142. peripheral edema
143. peripheral neuropathy
144. peripheral vasodilation
145. phlebitis
146. physiological dependence
147. pleural effusion
148. pneumothorax
149. polyuria
150. prolonged bleeding time
151. pruritus
152. psychological dependence
153. ptosis
154. pulmonary embolism
155. rash
156. renal failure (unspecified)
157. respiratory arrest
158. respiratory depression
159. restlessness
160. rhinitis
161. rhinorrhea
162. seizures
163. serotonin syndrome
164. shivering
165. SIADH
166. sinus tachycardia
167. sinusitis
168. skin discoloration
169. skin erosion
170. skin hyperpigmentation
171. skin irritation
172. skin necrosis
173. skin ulcer
174. stomatitis
175. syncope
176. synovitis
177. thrombocytopenia
178. thrombosis
179. tinnitus
180. tolerance
181. tremor
182. urinary incontinence
183. urinary retention
184. urinary urgency
185. urticaria
186. vaginal bleeding
187. vaginitis
188. vertigo
189. vesicular rash
190. vomiting
191. weakness
192. weight loss
193. wheezing
194. withdrawal
195. xerophthalmia
196. xerosis
197. xerostomia

Monitoring Parameters

• laboratory monitoring not necessary

Contraindications

• abrupt discontinuation
• accidental exposure
• adrenal insufficiency
• alcoholism
• ambient temperature increase
• angina
• anticoagulant therapy
• asthma
• biliary tract disease
• bladder obstruction
• bradycardia
• breast-feeding
• cardiac arrhythmias
• cardiac disease
• children
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• CNS depression
• coadministration with other CNS depressants
• coagulopathy
• coma
• constipation
• cor pulmonale
• defibrillation (cardioversion)
• dental disease
• dental work
• depression
• diabetes mellitus
• diarrhea
• driving or operating machinery
• emphysema
• epidural administration
• females
• fever
• geriatric
• GI disease
• GI obstruction
• head trauma
• headache
• heart failure
• heating pad
• hepatic disease
• hypotension
• hypothyroidism
• hypoxemia
• ileus
• increased intracranial pressure
• infants
• infection
• inflammatory bowel disease
• intracranial mass
• intrathecal administration
• labor
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• MAOI therapy
• migraine
• myxedema
• neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
• neonates
• obesity
• ocular exposure
• oliguria
• opiate agonist hypersensitivity
• opioid-naive patients
• orthostatic hypotension
• pancreatitis
• potential for overdose or poisoning
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• prostatic hypertrophy
• psychosis
• pulmonary disease
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• requires a specialized care setting
• requires an experienced clinician
• respiratory depression
• respiratory insufficiency
• scoliosis
• seizure disorder
• seizures
• shock
• skin abrasion
• sleep apnea
• status asthmaticus
• stomatitis
• substance abuse
• sunlight (UV) exposure
• surgery
• thrombocytopenia
• ulcerative colitis
• urethral stricture
• urinary retention

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Butalbital
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Doxylamine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Dichloralphenazone; Isometheptene
• Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
• Acetaminophen; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone
• Acetaminophen; Oxycodone
• Acetaminophen; Pentazocine
• Acetaminophen; Tramadol
• Acrivastine; Pseudoephedrine
• Aldesleukin, IL-2
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Aliskiren; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Almotriptan
• Alosetron
• Alprazolam
• Alvimopan
• Amide local anesthetics
• Amifampridine
• Amiloride
• Amiloride; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Amiodarone
• Amitriptyline
• Amitriptyline; Chlordiazepoxide
• Amlodipine
• Amlodipine; Atorvastatin
• Amlodipine; Benazepril
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Amlodipine; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Telmisartan
• Amlodipine; Valsartan
• Amobarbital
• Amoxapine
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
• Amphetamines
• Amprenavir
• Anticholinergics
• Apalutamide
• Apomorphine
• Apraclonidine
• Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant
• Aripiprazole
• Armodafinil
• Articaine; Epinephrine
• Asenapine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Atazanavir
• Atazanavir; Cobicistat
• Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
• Atropine
• Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Atropine; Difenoxin
• Atropine; Diphenoxylate
• Atropine; Edrophonium
• Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
• Azelastine
• Azelastine; Fluticasone
• Azilsartan; Chlorthalidone
• Baclofen
• Barbiturates
• Belladonna Alkaloids; Ergotamine; Phenobarbital
• Belladonna; Opium
• Benazepril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bendroflumethiazide; Nadolol
• Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen
• Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Benztropine
• Bepridil
• Bethanechol
• Bexarotene
• Bicalutamide
• Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
• Bismuth Subsalicylate
• Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
• Bisoprolol; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Bosentan
• Brexpiprazole
• Brigatinib
• Brimonidine
• Brimonidine; Brinzolamide
• Brimonidine; Timolol
• Brompheniramine
• Brompheniramine; Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
• Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
• Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
• Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Brompheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Bumetanide
• Bupivacaine
• Bupivacaine Liposomal
• Bupivacaine; Lidocaine
• Buprenorphine
• Buprenorphine; Naloxone
• Bupropion
• Bupropion; Naltrexone
• Buspirone
• Butabarbital
• Butorphanol
• Canakinumab
• Candesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Cannabidiol
• Capsaicin; Metaxalone
• Captopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Carbamazepine
• Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
• Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin
• Carbetapentane; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Phenylephrine; Pyrilamine
• Carbetapentane; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbetapentane; Pyrilamine
• Carbinoxamine
• Carbinoxamine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Carbinoxamine; Phenylephrine
• Carbinoxamine; Pseudoephedrine
• Cariprazine
• Carisoprodol
• Cenobamate
• Ceritinib
• Cetirizine
• Cetirizine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlophedianol; Dexbrompheniramine
• Chlophedianol; Dexchlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlophedianol; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Chloral Hydrate
• Chloramphenicol
• Chlorcyclizine
• Chlordiazepoxide
• Chlordiazepoxide; Clidinium
• Chloroprocaine
• Chlorothiazide
• Chlorpheniramine
• Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
• Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpromazine
• Chlorthalidone
• Chlorthalidone; Clonidine
• Chlorzoxazone
• Cimetidine
• Ciprofloxacin
• Citalopram
• Clarithromycin
• Clemastine
• Clevidipine
• Clobazam
• Clofazimine
• Clomipramine
• Clonazepam
• Clonidine
• Clopidogrel
• Clorazepate
• Clozapine
• Cobicistat
• Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Codeine; Promethazine
• COMT inhibitors
• Conivaptan
• Crizotinib
• Crofelemer
• Cyclizine
• Cyclobenzaprine
• Cyclosporine
• Cyproheptadine
• Dabrafenib
• Dalfopristin; Quinupristin
• Danazol
• Dantrolene
• Darifenacin
• Darunavir
• Darunavir; Cobicistat
• Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
• Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
• Deferasirox
• Delavirdine
• Desflurane
• Desipramine
• Desmopressin
• Desvenlafaxine
• Deutetrabenazine
• Dexamethasone
• Dexchlorpheniramine
• Dexchlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Dexmedetomidine
• Dexmethylphenidate
• Dexpanthenol
• Dextromethorphan
• Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin
• Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
• Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine
• Dextromethorphan; Promethazine
• Dextromethorphan; Quinidine
• Diazepam
• Dicyclomine
• Diltiazem
• Dimenhydrinate
• Diphenhydramine
• Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
• Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
• Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Diuretics
• Dolasetron
• Doxepin
• Doxylamine
• Doxylamine; Pyridoxine
• Dronabinol
• Dronedarone
• Droperidol
• Duloxetine
• Duvelisib
• Efavirenz
• Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir
• Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
• Elagolix
• Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
• Elbasvir; Grazoprevir
• Eletriptan
• Elexacaftor; tezacaftor; ivacaftor
• Eltrombopag
• Eluxadoline
• Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
• Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
• Emapalumab
• Enalapril; Felodipine
• Enalapril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Enflurane
• Enzalutamide
• Eprosartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Erythromycin
• Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
• Escitalopram
• Esketamine
• Eslicarbazepine
• Estazolam
• Eszopiclone
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Ethanol
• Etomidate
• Etravirine
• Everolimus
• Fedratinib
• Felodipine
• Fenfluramine
• Fesoterodine
• Flavoxate
• Flibanserin
• Fluconazole
• Fluoxetine
• Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
• Fluphenazine
• Flurazepam
• Fluvoxamine
• Fosamprenavir
• Fosinopril; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Fosphenytoin
• Fospropofol
• Fostamatinib
• Furosemide
• Gabapentin
• General anesthetics
• Glycerol Phenylbutyrate
• Glycopyrrolate
• Glycopyrrolate; Formoterol
• Granisetron
• grapefruit juice
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone
• Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Guaifenesin; Phenylephrine
• Guanabenz
• Guanfacine
• Haloperidol
• Halothane
• Homatropine; Hydrocodone
• Hydralazine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Irbesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Lisinopril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Losartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Methyldopa
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Metoprolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Moexipril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Propranolol
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Quinapril
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Spironolactone
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Telmisartan
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Triamterene
• Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Hydrocodone
• Hydrocodone; Ibuprofen
• Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate
• Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Hydromorphone
• Hydroxyzine
• Hyoscyamine
• Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
• Ibuprofen; Oxycodone
• Idelalisib
• Iloperidone
• Imatinib
• Imipramine
• Indacaterol; Glycopyrrolate
• Indapamide
• Indinavir
• Isavuconazonium
• Isocarboxazid
• Isoflurane
• Isoniazid, INH
• Isoniazid, INH; Pyrazinamide, PZA; Rifampin
• Isoniazid, INH; Rifampin
• Isradipine
• Istradefylline
• Itraconazole
• Ivacaftor
• Ketamine
• Ketoconazole
• Lanreotide
• Lapatinib
• Larotrectinib
• Lasmiditan
• Ledipasvir; Sofosbuvir
• Lefamulin
• Lemborexant
• Lesinurad
• Lesinurad; Allopurinol
• Letermovir
• Levobupivacaine
• Levocetirizine
• Levomilnacipran
• Lidocaine
• Lidocaine; Prilocaine
• Lincosamides
• Linezolid
• Lithium
• Lofexidine
• Loperamide
• Loperamide; Simethicone
• Lopinavir; Ritonavir
• Lorazepam
• Lorcaserin
• Lorlatinib
• Loxapine
• Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
• Lumacaftor; Ivacaftor
• Lumateperone
• Lurasidone
• Magnesium Salts
• Maprotiline
• Melatonin
• Mepenzolate
• Meperidine; Promethazine
• Mephobarbital
• Mepivacaine
• Mepivacaine; Levonordefrin
• Meprobamate
• Metaxalone
• Methadone
• Methenamine; Sodium Acid Phosphate; Methylene Blue; Hyoscyamine
• Methocarbamol
• Methohexital
• Methscopolamine
• Methyclothiazide
• Methyldopa
• Methylene Blue
• Methylphenidate
• Metoclopramide
• Metolazone
• Metreleptin
• Metyrapone
• Metyrosine
• Midazolam
• Mifepristone
• Milnacipran
• Minocycline
• Mirtazapine
• Mitotane
• Modafinil
• Molindone
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Morphine
• Morphine; Naltrexone
• Nabilone
• Nafcillin
• Nalbuphine
• Naloxone
• Naltrexone
• Naproxen; Sumatriptan
• Naratriptan
• Nefazodone
• Nelfinavir
• Nesiritide, BNP
• Netupitant, Fosnetupitant; Palonosetron
• Nevirapine
• Nicardipine
• Nifedipine
• Nilotinib
• Nimodipine
• Nisoldipine
• Nitroglycerin
• Nortriptyline
• Octreotide
• Olanzapine
• Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir
• Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
• Ondansetron
• Oritavancin
• Orphenadrine
• Osilodrostat
• Oxazepam
• Oxcarbazepine
• Oxybutynin
• Oxycodone
• Oxymetazoline
• Oxymorphone
• Ozanimod
• Palbociclib
• Paliperidone
• Palonosetron
• Papaverine
• Paroxetine
• Pazopanib
• Pegvisomant
• Pentazocine
• Pentazocine; Naloxone
• Pentobarbital
• Perampanel
• Perindopril; Amlodipine
• Perphenazine
• Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
• Pexidartinib
• Phenelzine
• Phenobarbital
• Phentermine; Topiramate
• Phenylephrine
• Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Phenytoin
• Pimozide
• Posaconazole
• Pramipexole
• Pramlintide
• Prasugrel
• Pregabalin
• Prilocaine
• Prilocaine; Epinephrine
• Primidone
• Procaine
• Procarbazine
• Prochlorperazine
• Promethazine
• Propantheline
• Propofol
• Protriptyline
• Quazepam
• Quetiapine
• Quinidine
• Quinine
• Ramelteon
• Ranolazine
• Rasagiline
• Ribociclib
• Ribociclib; Letrozole
• Rifabutin
• Rifampin
• Rifapentine
• Risperidone
• Ritonavir
• Rizatriptan
• Ropinirole
• Ropivacaine
• Rotigotine
• Rucaparib
• Safinamide
• Saquinavir
• Sarilumab
• Scopolamine
• Secobarbital
• Selegiline
• Selpercatinib
• Sertraline
• Sevoflurane
• Sibutramine
• Sildenafil
• Siltuximab
• Simeprevir
• Sodium Oxybate
• Solifenacin
• Spironolactone
• St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum
• Streptogramins
• Sumatriptan
• Suvorexant
• Tapentadol
• Tasimelteon
• Tazemetostat
• Tedizolid
• Telithromycin
• Telotristat Ethyl
• Temazepam
• Tetrabenazine
• Tetracaine
• Tezacaftor; Ivacaftor
• Thalidomide
• Thiopental
• Thioridazine
• Thiothixene
• Ticagrelor
• Tipranavir
• Tizanidine
• Tocilizumab
• Tolterodine
• Topiramate
• Torsemide
• Tramadol
• Trandolapril; Verapamil
• Tranylcypromine
• Trazodone
• Triamterene
• Triazolam
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Trifluoperazine
• Trihexyphenidyl
• Trimethobenzamide
• Trimipramine
• Triprolidine
• Trospium
• Tucatinib
• Valerian, Valeriana officinalis
• Valproic Acid, Divalproex Sodium
• Vancomycin
• Venlafaxine
• Verapamil
• Vigabatrin
• Vilazodone
• Voriconazole
• Vortioxetine
• Zafirlukast
• Zaleplon
• Ziconotide
• Ziprasidone
• Zolmitriptan
• Zolpidem