Ampicillin

Ampicillin Brand Name– Principen

What is Ampicillin

Ampicillin is classified as an aminopenicillin.

The aminopenicillins, a group that includes amoxicillin, are able to penetrate gram-negative bacteria more readily than are the natural penicillins or penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

However, the aminopenicillins are not stable to beta-lactamases of either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. In combination with sulbactam (a beta-lactamase inhibitor), ampicillin’s spectrum is broadened to include many of these beta-lactamase-producing organisms (see Ampicillin; Sulbactam monograph). Ampicillin is used primarily to treat infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and acute bacterial cystitis caused by susceptible organisms.

Due to the increasing prevalence of resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae, aminopenicillins are no longer recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea. Compared with amoxicillin, oral ampicillin has a lower bioavailability and is more likely to cause adverse GI effects.

Ampicillin trihydrate was approved by the FDA in 1963; ampicillin sodium was approved by the FDA in 1965.

Indications

1. Actinomyces sp.
2. anthrax
3. appendicitis
4. Bacillus anthracis
5. bacteremia
6. Bacteroides funduliformis
7. Bifidobacterium sp.
8. Bordetella pertussis
9. Borrelia burgdorferi
10. Brucella sp.
11. cellulitis
12. Clostridium sp.
13. community-acquired pneumonia
14. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
15. Corynebacterium xerosis
16. cystitis
17. Eikenella corrodens
18. endocarditis
19. endocarditis prophylaxis
20. Enterococcus sp.
21. enterocolitis
22. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
23. Escherichia coli
24. Eubacterium sp.
25. Gardnerella vaginalis
26. gastroenteritis
27. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
28. Helicobacter pylori
29. intraabdominal infections
30. Klebsiella granulomatis
31. Lactobacillus sp.
32. Leptospira sp.
33. leptospirosis
34. Listeria monocytogenes
35. lower respiratory tract infections
36. meningitis
37. Moraxella catarrhalis
38. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
39. Neisseria meningitidis
40. Pasteurella multocida
41. Peptococcus sp.
42. Peptostreptococcus sp.
43. perinatal Group B streptococcal infection prophylaxis
44. peritonitis
45. preterm premature rupture of membranes
46. Propionibacterium sp.
47. Proteus mirabilis
48. pyelonephritis
49. Salmonella sp.
50. Salmonella typhi
51. salmonellosis
52. Shigella sp.
53. shigellosis
54. skin and skin structure infections
55. Staphylococcus sp.
56. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
57. Streptococcus dysgalactiae
58. Streptococcus pneumoniae
59. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
60. Streptococcus sp.
61. surgical infection prophylaxis
62. Treponema pallidum
63. typhoid fever
64. upper respiratory tract infections
65. urinary tract infection (UTI)
66. Viridans streptococci

Side Effects

1. acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)
2. agranulocytosis
3. anaphylactic shock
4. anaphylactoid reactions
5. anemia
6. angioedema
7. diarrhea
8. dysphagia
9. elevated hepatic enzymes
10. enterocolitis
11. eosinophilia
12. erythema multiforme
13. esophagitis
14. exfoliative dermatitis
15. fever
16. glossitis
17. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
18. leukopenia
19. maculopapular rash
20. nausea
21. odynophagia
22. platelet dysfunction
23. prolonged bleeding time
24. pruritus
25. pseudomembranous colitis
26. rash
27. seizures
28. serum sickness
29. stomatitis
30. superinfection
31. thrombocytopenia
32. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
33. tongue discoloration
34. urticaria
35. vomiting

Monitoring Parameters

• serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

• antimicrobial resistance
• asthma
• breast-feeding
• carbapenem hypersensitivity
• cephalosporin hypersensitivity
• colitis
• dialysis
• diarrhea
• eczema
• geriatric
• GI disease
• infants
• inflammatory bowel disease
• mononucleosis
• neonates
• penicillin hypersensitivity
• pregnancy
• pseudomembranous colitis
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• serious rash
• sexually transmitted disease
• ulcerative colitis
• urticaria

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Allopurinol
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Lansoprazole
• Amoxicillin; Clarithromycin; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
• Atenolol
• Atenolol; Chlorthalidone
• Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone
• Chloroquine
• Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
• Colchicine; Probenecid
• Dexlansoprazole
• Dichlorphenamide
• Dienogest; Estradiol valerate
• Digoxin
• Drospirenone
• Drospirenone; Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate
• Elagolix; Estradiol; Norethindrone acetate
• Entacapone
• Erythromycin; Sulfisoxazole
• Esomeprazole
• Esomeprazole; Naproxen
• Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Ethinyl Estradiol
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Desogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Etonogestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Ferrous bisglycinate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Levonorgestrel; Folic Acid; Levomefolate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norelgestromin
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone Acetate; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norethindrone; Ferrous fumarate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestimate
• Ethinyl Estradiol; Norgestrel
• Furosemide
• Hydroxychloroquine
• Indomethacin
• Lansoprazole
• Lansoprazole; Naproxen
• Lesinurad; Allopurinol
• Leuprolide; Norethindrone
• Levonorgestrel
• Magnesium Salicylate
• Mestranol; Norethindrone
• Methotrexate
• Norethindrone
• Norgestrel
• Omeprazole
• Omeprazole; Amoxicillin; Rifabutin
• Omeprazole; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Oral Contraceptives
• Pantoprazole
• Probenecid
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine
• Rabeprazole
• Salsalate
• Segesterone Acetate; Ethinyl Estradiol
• Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Phenylacetate
• Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim, SMX-TMP, Cotrimoxazole
• Sulfasalazine
• Sulfisoxazole
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Typhoid Vaccine
• Warfarin