Alemtuzumab Brand Names – Campath | LEMTRADA
What is Alemtuzumab
Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the CD52 antigen.
The CD52 antigen is expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, and tissues of the male reproductive system; the CD52 antigen is not expressed on hemopoietic stem cells.
Alemtuzumab is used for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL), prolymphocytic leukemia, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides).
Alemtuzumab seems to have preferential effects in the blood and bone marrow as opposed to the spleen or lymph nodes, which indicates that alemtuzumab is most effective in patients with primarily hematologic disease.
A significantly higher complete response rate was obtained with alemtuzumab (24%) than with chlorambucil (2%) receipt by patients with previously untreated B-cell CLL. Alemtuzumab also appears to be beneficial to patients with previously treated B-cell CLL; partial response rates of 21 to 31% and complete response rates of 0 to 2% were observed among patients who had been treated with alkylating agents, fludarabine, or other chemotherapies.
Indications
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
- graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis
- multiple sclerosis
- mycosis fungoides
- prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL)
- stem cell transplant preparation
For the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (B-cell)
NOTE: Alemtuzumab has been designated an orphan drug by the FDA for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Side Effects
- abdominal pain
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- anaphylactic shock
- anaphylactoid reactions
- anemia
- anemia
- angioedema
- anorexia
- antibody formation
- anxiety
- aplastic anemia
- arthralgia
- asthenia
- atrial fibrillation
- autoimmune disease
- back pain
- bleeding
- bone marrow suppression
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm
- candidiasis
- cardiac arrest
- cardiomyopathy
- cervical dysplasia
- chest pain (unspecified)
- chills
- chills
- cholecystitis
- clotting factor deficiency
- coagulopathy
- cough
- diabetes mellitus
- diarrhea
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- dysesthesia
- dysgeusia
- dyspepsia
- dyspnea
- dyspnea
- elevated hepatic enzymes
- epistaxis
- erythema
- fatigue
- fever
- fever
- flushing
- glomerulonephritis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- headache
- headache
- heart failure
- hematuria
- hemolytic anemia
- hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- hepatic failure
- hepatitis
- hypertension
- hypertension
- hyperthyroidism
- hypotension
- hypotension
- hypothyroidism
- hypoxia
- infection
- infection
- influenza
- infusion-related reactions
- insomnia
- intracranial bleeding
- jaundice
- lymphoma
- lymphopenia
- musculoskeletal pain
- myalgia
- myocardial infarction
- nausea
- neutropenia
- neutropenia
- new primary malignancy
- optic neuritis
- pancytopenia
- paresthesias
- peripheral edema
- pharyngitis
- pneumonitis
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- pruritus
- rash
- rash
- red cell aplasia
- renal failure (unspecified)
- respiratory arrest
- retinopathy
- serum sickness
- sinus tachycardia
- skin cancer
- skin hypopigmentation
- stroke
- suicidal ideation
- syncope
- thrombocytopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- thyrotoxicosis
- tremor
- tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
- urticaria
- urticaria
- vomiting
- weakness
Monitoring Parameters
- CBC with differential
- CD4+ T cell count
- hepatitis B serology
- LFTs
- neurologic function
- pregnancy testing
- serum bilirubin
- serum creatinine
- skin cancer screening exam
- thyroid function tests (TFTs)
- tuberculin skin test
- urinalysis
Contraindications
- angina
- autoimmune disease
- bone marrow suppression
- breast-feeding
- cardiac disease
- children
- contraception requirements
- coronary artery disease
- depression
- fungal infection
- gallbladder disease
- glomerulonephritis
- hamster protein hypersensitivity
- hepatitis
- hepatitis B exacerbation
- herpes infection
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- hypotension
- immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- immunosuppression
- infants
- infection
- infertility
- infusion-related reactions
- leukopenia
- neonates
- new primary malignancy
- pneumonitis
- pregnancy
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- reproductive risk
- requires a specialized care setting
- stroke
- suicidal ideation
- thyroid disease
- tuberculosis
- vaccination
- varicella
- viral infection
Interactions
- Alpha interferons
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Azelastine; Fluticasone
- Beclomethasone
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
- Betamethasone
- Budesonide
- Budesonide; Formoterol
- Calcium-channel blockers
- Central-acting adrenergic agents
- Ciclesonide
- Clozapine
- Corticosteroids
- Corticotropin, ACTH
- Cortisone
- Deflazacort
- Dexamethasone
- Digoxin
- Doxazosin
- Echinacea
- Eplerenone
- Epoprostenol
- Filgrastim, G-CSF
- Fludrocortisone
- Flunisolide
- Fluticasone
- Fluticasone; Salmeterol
- Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
- Fluticasone; Vilanterol
- Formoterol; Mometasone
- Hydrocortisone
- Iloprost
- Interferon Alfa-2a
- Interferon Alfa-2b
- Interferon Alfa-2b; Ribavirin
- Interferon Alfa-n3
- Interferon Alfacon-1
- Live Vaccines
- Loop diuretics
- Mecamylamine
- Methylprednisolone
- Mometasone
- Natalizumab
- Ocrelizumab
- Palifermin
- Pegfilgrastim
- Peginterferon Alfa-2a
- Peginterferon Alfa-2b
- Penicillamine
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Prazosin
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Reserpine
- Siponimod
- Tbo-Filgrastim
- Terazosin
- Thiazide diuretics
- Treprostinil
- Triamcinolone
- Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative, PPD
- Vasodilators
