What are the therapeutic strategies for treatment of lung masses? Ten percent to 20% of CPAM lesions will decrease in size as the pregnancy progresses. For BPS, ≈66% will decrease in size. For these reasons, if the fetus does not have hydrops or has a CVR well below 1.6, observation with regular monitoring of the …
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How are fetal lung masses evaluated sonographically? Aside from determining whether or not a fetal lung mass is present, the type of mass is important. Most CPAM lung lesions are more echogenic than normal lung, and many will have cysts. The cysts can vary in size from subcentimeter to several centimeters. The current classification scheme …
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What are the therapeutic strategies for fetal pleural effusions? The primary treatment is to treat the underlying cause, if possible. Since large pleural effusions can compromise fetal lung development, treatment is warranted. The usual goal, if the effusion is large, is to reduce the volume. If a temporizing treatment is needed (for example, until the …
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What specific imaging is performed for fetal pleural effusions? Fetal pleural effusions are divided into two main groups: hydropic and nonhydropic. Hydropic pleural effusions result from conditions causing the hydrops itself and are often evident from the history or presence of anomalies known to be associated with hydrops. Nonhydropic pleural effusions can be associated with: …
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What are the imaging requirements for thoracic and lung abnormalities in fetus? In addition to the detailed extended ultrasound examination, evaluation of lung lesions usually includes: • Determination of the location of the lung mass, and whether or not there is a mediastinal shift or compression. • Measurement of the lung mass; calculation of lung mass volume …
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What is the therapeutic approach to treatment of fetuses with spina bifida and MMC? The fetal surgical treatment for spina bifida is well established. A multicenter clinical trial, the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MoMS), showed significantly better outcomes for fetuses that had the myelomeningocele (MMC) repaired in utero compared with those that had the surgical …
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How are fetuses with open spina bifida and myelomeningocele evaluated? A suspicion for a fetal neural tube defect is often raised by the maternal serum screening for AFP level. An open spinal defect in the fetus results in higher levels of AFP in both the amniotic fluid and maternal serum. Because there are nonfetal causes …
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