What is bacillary peliosis hepatis (BPH)? BPH produces multiple cystic blood-filled spaces in the liver. BPH is caused by an infection with the bacteria Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimae ) and occurs in patients with advanced AIDS. Patients present with generalized and nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, weight loss, and malaise. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be prominent. …
Which bacteria most commonly cause diarrhea in AIDS? Campylobacter, Salmonella , and Shigella spp. and C. difficile are the most common causes of diarrhea in AIDS. Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aeromonas hydrophila have also been associated with severe enterocolitis in HIV-infected patients. C. difficile colitis has become the most frequent bacterial cause of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients, perhaps because of frequent exposure to antimicrobials …
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clinical features and therapies for cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis GI microsporidial infection is generally attributed to two species: E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis . In general, intestinal disease is relatively mild in contrast to the severe diarrhea typical for cryptosporidiosis. Loose stools and mild weight loss are common, with colonic symptoms typically absent. GI bleeding suggests another diagnosis as this …
Is strongyloidiasis more prevalent in HIV infection? Strongyloides stercoralis is an endemic parasite in the subtropical areas worldwide, including the southeastern United States. There is no clear evidence that HIV infection predisposes to strongyloidiasis. However, patients with HIV infection may be more prone to develop the Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome. In addition, during therapy with HAART an IRIS with …
Common parasites that cause diarrhea in AIDS Among the protozoa, C. parvum is the most common parasite causing diarrhea in AIDS and has been identified in up to 11% of symptomatic patients. Although a cause of acute diarrhea, cryptosporidiosis is found most commonly in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea. In some studies of HIV-infected patients with chronic …
What are the treatment options for CMV enterocolitis? The natural history of CMV colitis is variable. In untreated patients, it usually has a chronic course characterized by progressive diarrhea and weight loss, although occasionally symptoms and histologic abnormalities remit spontaneously. Unlike CMV retinitis, for which strong evidence supports induction therapy followed by lifelong maintenance therapy, …
What is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in AIDS? CMV is one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS, occurring late in the course of HIV infection when immunodeficiency is severe (CD4 lymphocyte count l < 100/mm 3 ). CMV has been identified in mucosal biopsy samples in as many as 45% …