What are the strategies to manage a patient who has a known hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast material? Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast material range from nuisance side effects such as hives and emesis to potentially lethal reactions such as anaphylaxis and laryngeal edema. Patients with a history of even a minor hypersensitivity reaction to iodinated …
What equipment must be present when administering conscious sedation to a patient? A patient undergoing conscious sedation should be under direct observation until recovery is complete. Equipment needed to monitor oxygenation; blood pressure; and heart rate, rhythm, and waveform should be present. Pharmacologic antagonists and commonly used agents, supplemental oxygen, a defibrillator, and appropriate equipment …
What equipment must be present when administering conscious sedation to a patient Read More »
What patient factors must be monitored during conscious sedation? Level of consciousness, ventilation, oxygenation, and blood pressure should be monitored, along with continuous cardiac monitoring.
Commonly, conscious sedation is administered by the provider (e.g., interventional radiologist) with patient monitoring provided by a qualified nurse. What patient factors should influence a provider to consider consulting an anesthesiologist to administer conscious sedation? Patient factors should include: • ASA PS classification of III, IV, or V. • Obesity. • Pregnancy. • Mental incapacity. • Extremes of age.
Details that should be included in the presedation evaluation of a patient • Patient medical history. • Previous adverse experience to sedation or anesthesia. • Current medication use and drug allergies. • Time and nature of last oral intake. • History of alcohol or substance abuse. • Focused physical examination including heart, lungs, and airway. • Pertinent clinical laboratory findings.
American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification • ASA I: Normal healthy patient. • ASA II: Patient with mild systemic disease, without substantive functional limitations. • ASA III: Patient with severe systemic disease, with substantive functional limitations. • ASA IV: Patient with severe systemic disease that is life-threatening. • ASA V: Moribund patient with a poor chance for survival without …
American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Read More »
How long should a patient typically fast before undergoing conscious sedation? A patient should not have solid foods for 6 to 8 hours and clear liquids for 2 to 3 hours before undergoing sedation.