Immediate options for management of bronchospasm The patient should be monitored closely, and oxygen should be administered by nasal cannula or face mask. Pharmacologic treatment may include albuterol or epinephrine. In severe cases, intubation may be required.
Immediate options for management of acute laryngeal edema Laryngeal edema may lead to airway obstruction and death. An airway should be established, oxygen is provided, and epinephrine is administered immediately.
Immediate options for management of an anaphylactic reaction An anaphylactic reaction can be rapidly fatal. An airway should be secured immediately, and oxygen should be administered. The mainstay of therapy consists of epinephrine. Additional therapy may include intravenous fluid resuscitation for pressure support, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, and dopamine. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may also be required.
How is acute pulmonary edema managed? Pulmonary edema interferes with the ability to oxygenate blood. Therapy consists of securing an airway, providing supplemental oxygen, and administering intravenous furosemide or other agents to induce diuresis.
How is an acute hypertensive crisis treated possible options for the management of an acute hypertensive crisis During a procedure, pain and anxiety may precipitate hypertension. A benzodiazepine such as midazolam, mixed with an opiate such as fentanyl, is likely to decrease the blood pressure of an uncomfortable or anxious patient. To treat a patient …
How is acute hypotension treated During conscious sedation, an overdose of either a benzodiazepine or an opiate may cause respiratory depression that manifests as acute hypotension. Vigorous stimulation (sternal rub) may remedy the situation. If not, pharmacologic reversal may be needed. If hypoxia is not the etiology of the hypotension, evaluation of a patient’s heart …
What is the basic life support sequence of steps for patient resuscitation? Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines provide a series of algorithms regarding distressed patients in various clinical settings. The basic life support sequence of steps for resuscitation is a core part of these algorithms. Intervention in a patient with an unstable condition begins …
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