Health

forms of nongenetic cystic renal disease • Simple renal cyst (rare in children). • Medullary cystic disease. • Calyceal diverticulum. • Cystic renal dysplasia (associated with urinary tract obstruction).

Ultrasound appearance of Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney What is the most common Ultrasound appearance of MCDK? Most commonly, MCDK is the result of atresia of the renal pelvis, and the kidney appears on US as multiple cysts of varying sizes that do not communicate with each other; there is no definable renal pelvis. The less common …

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What is a basic classification for cystic renal diseases affecting infants, children, and adolescents? Cystic renal diseases can be classified as genetic or nongenetic. The most common cause of nongenetic cystic disease is multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).

triad of prune belly syndrome? The triad of prune-belly syndrome is absent or deficient abdominal musculature, cryptorchidism, and urinary tract abnormalities. What urinary tract abnormalities are associated with prune-belly syndrome? They are diverse and include marked hydroureteronephrosis and marked bladder and urethral dilation, reflux, renal dysplasia, prostatic hypoplasia, urachal abnormalities, and microphallus. The clinical features …

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Goals of therapy for urinary tract dysfunction in spina bifida The goals are to decrease storage pressure, with frequent intermittent catheterization, vesicostomy, or bladder augmentation, and to keep the patient “dry” through continent diversion. Cystography is performed to assess bladder size, storage capacity, and the volume at which leakage occurs and to detect any VUR. …

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Specific problems in spina bifida that are related to neurogenic bladder The neurogenic bladder fails to store urine correctly, which may cause leaking; does not empty properly because of bladder-sphincter dyssynergia; and experiences uninhibited contractions, which may also cause leaking. High storage pressures can result in VUR and hydronephrosis.

What urinary problems occur in children with spina bifida? There is an increased incidence of renal anomalies in children with myelomeningocele, including fusion anomalies (e.g., horseshoe kidney), renal dysplasia, and agenesis. The most significant problems relate to the abnormal innervation of the bladder.