6 Interesting Facts of Moyamoya Moyamoya disease is a unique chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the arteries around the circle of Willis with prominent arterial collateral circulation Presentation is marked by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in most cases Head CT or brain MRI is used initially to detect cerebral …
3 Interesting Facts of Arteriovenous malformations Arteriovenous malformations are abnormal connections between arteries that normally supply the brain tissue and veins that normally drain the brain, resulting in arteriovenous shunting; rupture leads to intracranial hemorrhage Similar to moyamoya, patients with arteriovenous malformations present as children or young to middle-aged adults (aged 20-40 years) with an …
5 Interesting Facts of Cerebral small vessel disease Slowly developing neurologic process affecting small cerebral arterioles, capillaries, and sometimes venules; mostly occurs as a consequence of arteriosclerosis Core mechanism underlying brain injury usually is assumed to be ischemia, which occurs as a result of arteriolar narrowing or occlusion (eg, vasospasm, impaired autoregulation, hypotension) Clinical similarity to …
Intracranial atherosclerosis Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis of a major intracranial artery is a leading cause of stroke Recurrent strokes are common features of both moyamoya and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis Suspect intracranial atherosclerosis as a cause of stroke in patients with major risk factors (eg, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking) Atherosclerosis is a process generally observed in …
Central nervous system vasculitis Isolated (or primary) central nervous system vasculitis is restricted to the central nervous system Onset of primary cerebral vasculitis is usually acute or subacute and, similar to moyamoya, may present with headaches, behavioral changes, neurologic deficits, or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke Secondary central nervous system vasculitis occurs in association with a …
3 Interesting Facts of Talaromyces Marneffei Infection Systemic infection with cutaneous manifestations Generalized papular rash most commonly on face, chest, and extremities Papules progress to central necrosis, which can make lesions appear umbilicated
3 Interesting Facts of Disseminated histoplasmosis Skin lesions are present in a minority of patients with disseminated histoplasmosis; lesions are most likely to occur in patients with AIDS May occur in many forms, including umbilicated nodules Causative organism is readily identified from histologic sections and cultures of the exudate from a lesion