4 Interesting Facts of Disseminated cryptococcosis Skin lesions are present in a minority of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis Patients with AIDS usually have multiple lesions Initial lesion is usually a painless papule with central softening and ulceration at the apex Budding yeasts will be present on cytologic examination of the lesions
13 Interesting Facts of Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis involves narrowing of mitral valve orifice, restricting blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle during diastole Slowly progressive disease; many patients remain asymptomatic by readjusting their lifestyles to a more sedentary level Rheumatic fever is the most common cause Initial diagnosis is suggested by history and …
5 Interesting Facts of Cor triatriatum Rare congenital anomaly Children present with pallor, poor peripheral pulses, tachypnea, and growth failure Echocardiography shows presence of 2 atrial chambers separated by obstructing partition (either left or right atrium is divided into 2 compartments by membrane, tissue fold, or fibromuscular band) MRI with 3-dimensional reconstruction is the best …
5 Interesting Facts of Left atrial myxoma Presents with dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, low-grade fever, systemic embolism, and syncope Benign primary heart tumor causes obstruction of mitral valve Echocardiography helps to confirm diagnosis and shows well-circumscribed mobile mass attached to atrial septum CT scan shows a mass or tumor and its size and shape (eg, …
5 Interesting Facts of Austin Flint murmur Caused by displacement of mitral valve leaflet and turbulent mixing of antegrade mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow Chest radiograph shows left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic dilation ECG shows left ventricular hypertrophy Echocardiogram shows enlarged left ventricle and left ventricular dysfunction Differentiated with echocardiography
Increased flow through anatomically normal valve Increased flow through mitral valve, which can result in a murmur, can be seen in patients with the following conditions or statuses: Anemia Hyperthyroidism Pregnancy Mitral regurgitation Echocardiography shows anatomically normal mitral valve Differentiated with echocardiography
3 Interesting Facts of Tricuspid regurgitation Backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction Like mitral regurgitation, typically produces a holosystolic murmur; however, this is loudest at the left sternal border and increases with inspiration Differentiated based on history, physical examination, and echocardiographic findings