New diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder
The diagnostic criteria for a manic episode in DSM-5 include the presence of abnormally and persistently elevated/expansive/irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting ≥1 week and present for most of the day.
Additionally, during this period, three or more of the following symptoms should be present: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, rapid or increased speech, flight of ideas or racing thoughts, distractibility, an increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, or involvement in activities that have a high potential for regretful consequences.
This episode should cause significant impairment in daily functioning, necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm, or be associated with psychotic features but should not be due to substance use or another medical condition.
A hypomanic episode, on the other hand, lasts ≥4 days, is associated with a change in mood and functioning observable by others.
However, it is not severe enough to cause marked impairment of social or occupational functioning or necessitate hospitalization and is not associated with any psychotic features.
For the diagnosis of bipolar disorder type 1, criteria should be met for at least one manic episode in the lifetime.
For the diagnosis of bipolar disorder type 2, it is necessary to meet criteria for a current or past hypomanic episode and one must also meet criteria for a current or past major depressive episode.
