Who is at risk for Thromboangiitis Obliterans?
Typically young smokers aged 18 to 50 years, and rarely beyond. The average age at diagnosis is the mid-30s. Most reports describe heavy smokers, but TO have been reported in smokers using three to six cigarettes a day for a few years. The disease has also been reported in cigar and pipe smokers, tobacco chewers, and marijuana users (cannabis arteritis) .
TO is predominantly a disease of men (70%–90%) but seen in women as well. The disease is more prevalent in the Middle East and Far East than in North America and Western Europe.
