What other forms of hereditary systemic amyloidosis have been reported?
In addition to the 100 variant forms of TTR that have been reported to cause amyloidosis, other variant proteins that can cause amyloid deposits and symptoms include mutations in genes for cystatin C (cerebral amyloid angiopathy with hemorrhage in Icelandic patients) and gelsolin (cranial neuropathies). Mutations of lysozyme, fibrinogen A α-chain, and apolipoprotein AI and AII can cause visceral amyloid usually causing a nephropathy. These autosomal dominant forms of amyloidosis have a worse prognosis than familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (TTR mutations).
