Stool DNA Testing for Colon Cancer – Why am I having this test?

Stool DNA testing, also called the FIT DNA test, is one method of screening for colon cancer. Colon cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women. Testing for colon cancer before symptoms develop (screening) reduces your risk for this cancer. Colon cancer grows slowly, so finding the cancer early means a better chance for effective treatment.

All adults should have colon cancer screening starting at age 50 and continuing until age 75. Your health care provider may recommend screening at age 45. Screening may include having stool DNA testing every 3 years if:

• You have no symptoms of colon cancer. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, weight loss, and changes in bowel habits.
• You have an average risk of colon cancer. Average risk means:
  • You do not have precancerous polyps.
  • You do not have family or personal history of either colon cancer or a colon disease that increases your risk for colon cancer.

What is being tested?

For the test, a sample of your stool (feces) is checked for blood and changes in DNA that could lead to cancer. Growths in your colon that are cancerous (malignant) or may become cancerous (precancerous polyps) bleed and shed cells. Blood and cells can be picked up by stool as it passes through your colon. This test checks for blood cells as well as nine types of DNA (biomarkers) in three genes that have been linked to colon cancer and precancerous polyps.

What kind of sample is taken?

This test uses a stool sample that is collected when you have a bowel movement.

How do I collect samples at home?

You will be sent a stool sample collection kit in the mail. It will include instructions and everything you need to get the sample. Instructions may include these steps:

• Store the kit in a dry place at room temperature until you are ready to collect the sample. Keep the kit away from heat and sunlight.
• To collect the sample, place the collection device over the toilet.
• Collect the sample according to the instructions that came with your kit.
• After collecting a stool sample, follow instructions carefully regarding mixing the stool with a preservative and sealing the sample.
• Send the sample to the lab in the postage-paid box that was included in the kit.

Your stool sample will be checked within 3 days. The results will be sent to your health care provider.

How do I prepare for this test?

There is no preparation required for this test. However, do not collect a stool sample if:

• You have bleeding hemorrhoids.
• You have any rectal bleeding.
• You have a cut on your hand or finger.
• You have your menstrual period.
• You have diarrhea.

How are the results reported?

Your test results will be reported as either positive or negative. It is up to you to get your test results. Ask your health care provider, or the department that is doing the test, when your results will be ready.

What do the results mean?

• A positive result means that the test found abnormal DNA, blood cells, or both. If you have a positive result, you will need to have a follow-up exam of your colon done with a scope (colonoscopy).
• A negative result means that no blood or changes in DNA were found. This does not guarantee that you do not have colon cancer. Your health care provider may recommend that you have other screening tests.

Talk with your health care provider to discuss your results, treatment options, and if necessary, the need for more tests. Talk with your health care provider if you have any questions about your results.