What are Kidney Stones (urolithiasis)

Kidney stones are rock-like masses that form inside of the kidneys. Kidneys are organs that make pee (urine). A kidney stone can cause very bad pain and can block the flow of pee.

The stone usually leaves your body (passes) through your pee. You may need to have a doctor take out the stone.

Follow these instructions at home:

Eating and drinking

• Drink enough fluid to keep your pee clear or pale yellow. This will help you pass the stone.
• If told by your doctor, change the foods you eat (your diet). This may include:
  • Limiting how much salt (sodium) you eat.
  • Eating more fruits and vegetables.
  • Limiting how much meat, poultry, fish, and eggs you eat.
• Follow instructions from your doctor about eating or drinking restrictions.

General instructions

• Collect pee samples as told by your doctor. You may need to collect a pee sample:
  • 24 hours after a stone comes out.
  • 8­–12 weeks after a stone comes out, and every 6–12 months after that.
• Strain your pee every time you pee (urinate), for as long as told. Use the strainer that your doctor recommends.
• Do not throw out the stone. Keep it so that it can be tested by your doctor.
• Take over-the-counter and prescription medicines only as told by your doctor.
• Keep all follow-up visits as told by your doctor. This is important. You may need follow-up tests.

Preventing kidney stones

To prevent another kidney stone:

• Drink enough fluid to keep your pee clear or pale yellow. This is the best way to prevent kidney stones.
• Eat healthy foods.
• Avoid certain foods as told by your doctor. You may be told to eat less protein.
• Stay at a healthy weight.

Contact a doctor if:

• You have pain that gets worse or does not get better with medicine.

Get help right away if:

• You have a fever or chills.
• You get very bad pain.
• You get new pain in your belly (abdomen).
• You pass out (faint).
• You cannot pee.