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How is Diabetic Nephropathy from type 1 DM different from type 2 DM?
Of note, young adults diagnosed with type 2 DM before the age of 20 are at a higher risk for Diabetic Nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and hypertension than patients with type 1 DM who are diagnosed at the same age.
Comparison of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
TYPE 1 | TYPE 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Onset of overt nephropathy | Mean onset at 15 years after initial diagnosis of DM | Can be present at time of diagnosis of DM. |
| Hypertension association | Often occurs after nephropathy develops due to diabetic renal parenchymal disease | Often predates development of diabetic nephropathy as part of the metabolic syndrome |
| Findings on kidney biopsy | No difference (See Question 4) | No difference (See Question 4) |
| Cumulative incidence of overt nephropathy | Approximately 25% of patients will develop nephropathy within 25 years of diagnosis of DM | Approximately 30% of patients will develop nephropathy within 20 years of diagnosis of DM |
| Correlation with retinopathy | More than 95% of patients with nephropathy also have retinopathy | Only approximately 60% of patients with nephropathy also have retinopathy |
| Risk of cardiovascular disease | Increased risk occurs approximately 2 decades after the diagnosis of type 1 DM and shortly after the development of overt nephropathy | Increased risk is already present at diagnosis of type 2 DM |
DM , Diabetes mellitus
