What other conditions must be considered as causes of low BMD
| Osteomalacia | Celiac Disease |
|---|---|
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | Gastrectomy/bowel bypass surgery |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Primary biliary cirrhosis |
| Hyperthyroidism | Multiple myeloma |
| Hyperprolactinemia | Rheumatoid arthritis/systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Alcoholism | Ankylosing spondylitis |
| Hypogonadism | Renal failure |
| Cushing’s syndrome | Renal tubular acidosis |
| Eating/Exercise disorders | Idiopathic hypercalciuria |
| High-risk medications a | Systemic mastocytosis |
| Chronic hyponatremia |
a Glucocorticoids, excess thyroid hormone, anticonvulsants, heparin, lithium, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, premenopausal tamoxifen, leuprolide, cyclosporine, antiretroviral drugs, antipsychotic medicines, and some chemotherapeutic agents. Probable/Possible: Thiazolidinediones, proton pump inhibitors, excess vitamin A.
