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What are the anti GAD associated neurologic disorders?
• GAD-antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia is the other common presentation (in isolation or concurrent with SPS). Ataxia can evolve over weeks to years and be associated with dysarthria and nystagmus.
• Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus is a rare variant that presents with axial and lower limb stiffness followed by myoclonus, long tract, and brain stem signs (i.e., ataxia, deafness, oculomotor impairment, dysarthria, and dysphagia).
• Epilepsy can be isolated or occur in conjunction with these other syndromes.
Sources
- Gonzalez G, Barros G, Russi ME et al.: Acquired neuromyotonia in childhood: A case report and review. Pediatr Neurol 38:61-63, 2008.
- Maddison P: Neuromyotonia. Clin Neurophysiol 117:2118-2127, 2006.
- Takahashi H, Mori M, Sekguchi Y et al.: Development of Isaacs’ syndrome following complete recovery of voltage-gated potassium channel antibody-associated limbic encephalitis. J Neurol Sci 275:185-187, 2008.
- Toothaker TB, Rubin M: Pareneoplastic neurological syndromes: A review. Neurologist 15:21-33, 2009.
- Vernino S, Lennon VA: Ion channel and striational antibodies define a continuum of autoimmune neuromuscular hyperexcitability. Muscle Nerve 26:702-707, 2002.
- Espay AJ, Chen R: Rigidity and spasms from autoimmune encephalomyelopathies: Stiff-person syndrome. Muscle Nerve 34:677-690, 2006.
