12 Common Signs of Brain Stem Lesions
Common signs of brain stem lesions involve combinations of:
- 1. Multiple cranial nerve dysfunctions
- 2. Gaze palsies
- 3. Nystagmus
- 4. Sympathetic dysfunction (Horner’s syndrome)
- 5. Hearing loss
- 6. Dysphagia
- 7. Dysarthria
- 8. Dysphonia
- 9. Tongue deviation and atrophy
- 10. Paresis or dysesthesia of the face with contralateral motor or sensory deficits in the body (crossed symptoms)
- 11. Unilateral hemiparesis with ataxia
- 12. Decreased responsiveness
