Pindolol

What is Pindolol

Pindolol is an oral, nonselective, beta-receptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (i.e., partial agonist activity).

Pindolol is the beta-blocker with the highest degree of ISA and nonselective antagonist qualities.

The effect of ISA, as with beta-blockade in general, can be selective or nonselective in nature.

The partial agonist potential of pindolol is greater for beta₂– than beta₁-receptors, a characteristic that renders the drug a ‘vasodilatory’ beta-blocker.

The 2007 AHA guidelines for the management of hypertension state beta-blockers should not be used as first-line therapy for the treatment of hypertension, as several comparative clinical trials have shown beta blockers to be inferior to ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, or calcium channel blockers for preventing both stroke and coronary artery disease complications.

These guidelines do, however, recommend the use of beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension in patients with angina, prior myocardial infarction, or heart failure

Pindolol was approved by the FDA in September 1982 for the treatment of hypertension.

Indications

• angina
• hypertension

For treatment of chronic stable angina

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. agranulocytosis
3. alopecia
4. angina
5. anxiety
6. arthralgia
7. AV block
8. bradycardia
9. bronchospasm
10. chest pain (unspecified)
11. diabetes mellitus
12. diaphoresis
13. diarrhea
14. dizziness
15. dyspnea
16. edema
17. elevated hepatic enzymes
18. exfoliative dermatitis
19. fatigue
20. hallucinations
21. headache
22. heart failure
23. hyperglycemia
24. hyperhidrosis
25. hypertension
26. hypoglycemia
27. hypotension
28. impotence (erectile dysfunction)
29. increased urinary frequency
30. insomnia
31. lethargy
32. libido decrease
33. musculoskeletal pain
34. myalgia
35. nausea
36. nightmares
37. ocular irritation
38. palpitations
39. paresthesias
40. pruritus
41. rash
42. sinus tachycardia
43. skin hyperpigmentation
44. syncope
45. tremor
46. visual impairment
47. vomiting
48. weakness
49. weight gain
50. wheezing
51. withdrawal
52. xerosis

Monitoring Parameters

• blood pressure
• heart rate
• serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

• abrupt discontinuation
• acute bronchospasm
• asthma
• AV block
• bradycardia
• breast-feeding
• bronchitis
• cardiogenic shock
• cerebrovascular disease
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• depression
• diabetes mellitus
• driving or operating machinery
• emphysema
• geriatric
• heart failure
• hepatic disease
• hyperthyroidism
• myasthenia gravis
• peripheral vascular disease
• pheochromocytoma
• pregnancy
• psoriasis
• pulmonary edema
• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• renal failure
• sick sinus syndrome
• surgery
• thyroid disease
• thyrotoxicosis
• vasospastic angina
• ventricular dysfunction

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
• Adenosine
• Albiglutide
• Aldesleukin, IL-2
• Alemtuzumab
• Alfentanil
• Alfuzosin
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine
• Aliskiren; Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ
• Alogliptin; Metformin
• Alpha-blockers
• Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
• Alprostadil
• Amifostine
• Amiodarone
• Amlodipine
• Amlodipine; Atorvastatin
• Amlodipine; Benazepril
• Amlodipine; Celecoxib
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ; Valsartan
• Amlodipine; Olmesartan
• Amlodipine; Telmisartan
• Amlodipine; Valsartan
• Amobarbital
• Amyl Nitrite
• Antithyroid agents
• Apomorphine
• Apraclonidine
• Aripiprazole
• Articaine; Epinephrine
• Asenapine
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
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• Carbidopa; Levodopa
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• Cariprazine
• Ceritinib
• Cevimeline
• Charcoal
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• Encainide
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• Flecainide
• Fluorescein
• Fluoxetine; Olanzapine
• Fluphenazine
• food
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• Ginger, Zingiber officinale
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