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Menotropins Brand Names- Menopur | Repronex
What is Menotropins
Menotropins are purified combination preparations of the human pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Menotropins are sometimes referred to as human menopausal gonadotropins or hMG.
Menotropins are obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women; they are then standardized and purified in accordance with standards established in 1964 by the World Health Organization.
Menotropins are used in combination with chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Clinical uses include stimulation of spermatogenesis in males with primary or secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and induction of ovulation in anovulatory females.
Menotropins are also used in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols for assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). They are also administered to regulate the timing of ovulation in those patients receiving donor insemination.
Menotropins therapy is associated with increased rates of multiple births (>= 20%) compared to the general population (1%).
Fifteen percent of multiple gestations are twins; 5% result in triplets or more. In the comparison of menotropins (hMG) to urofollitropin or recombinant FSH preparations, all have similar incidences of major side effects like ovarian hyperstimulation.
The FDA first approved menotropins for use in 1975. FDA-approved in August 1999, Repronex® was the first menotropins formulation approved for subcutaneous administration.
Menopur®, a highly purified menotropins product, was FDA-approved in October 2004, and this product is administered via subcutaneous injection.
Highly purified products like Menopur® are less likely to induce injection site reactions; in clinical studies, this highly purified product produced comparable pregnancy rates to recombinant FSH products.
Indications
- hypogonadism
- infertility
- oligospermia
For the stimulation of spermatogenesis in males with primary or secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and resultant oligospermia
Side Effects
- abdominal pain
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- back pain
- constipation
- cough
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- dyspnea
- erythema
- fatigue
- fever
- flushing
- gynecomastia
- headache
- hot flashes
- injection site reaction
- malaise
- mastalgia
- migraine
- nausea
- ovarian enlargement
- ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
- pelvic pain
- phlebitis
- pruritus
- pulmonary embolism
- rash
- sinus tachycardia
- stroke
- tachypnea
- thromboembolism
- thrombosis
- urticaria
- vaginal bleeding
- vomiting
Monitoring Parameters
- pelvic exam
- pelvic ultrasound
- serum estradiol concentrations
- serum gonadotropin concentrations
- serum testosterone concentrations
- sperm count
- urinary gonadotropin concentrations
Contraindications
- adrenal insufficiency
- ascites
- breast-feeding
- children
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
- endometriosis
- geriatric
- neoplastic disease
- obesity
- ovarian cyst
- ovarian failure
- pituitary adenoma
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- pregnancy
- testicular failure
- thromboembolic disease
- thrombophlebitis
- thyroid disease
- tobacco smoking
- uterine leiomyomata
Interactions
There are no drug interactions associated with Menotropins products.
