Gentamicin

Gentamicin Brand Names

Garamycin | Genoptic | Genoptic SOP | Gentacidin | Gentafair | Gentak | Gentasol | Ocu-Mycin

What is Gentamicin

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained from cultures of Micromonospora purpurea.

Gentamicin is most active against aerobic gram-negative rods, but it is also used in combination with other antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus and certain species of streptococcus.

Gentamicin and some other aminoglycosides are used in combination with a penicillin for the treatment of endocarditis.

Gentamicin is active against certain Mycobacterium species but is not active against any anaerobic bacteria.

Gentamicin was approved by the FDA in 1966.

Indications

1. Acinetobacter sp.
2. Aeromonas sp.
3. appendicitis
4. Bacillus anthracis
5. bacteremia
6. bacterial conjunctivitis
7. Bartonella quintana
8. bartonellosis
9. blepharitis
10. blepharoconjunctivitis
11. bone and joint infections
12. Brucella sp.
13. burn wound infection
14. cellulitis
15. Citrobacter sp.
16. community-acquired pneumonia
17. corneal ulcer
18. cystic fibrosis
19. dacryocystitis
20. dermatitis
21. eczema
22. endocarditis
23. Enterobacter sp.
24. Enterococcus sp.
25. enterocolitis
26. Escherichia coli
27. febrile neutropenia
28. folliculitis
29. Francisella tularensis
30. furunculosis
31. gonorrhea
32. granuloma inguinale
33. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative)
34. Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive)
35. impetigo
36. infectious arthritis
37. intraabdominal infections
38. keratitis
39. keratoconjunctivitis
40. Klebsiella aerogenes
41. Klebsiella pneumoniae
42. Klebsiella sp.
43. lower respiratory tract infections
44. meibomianitis
45. meningitis
46. Morganella sp.
47. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
48. nosocomial pneumonia
49. osteomyelitis
50. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
51. peritonitis
52. plague
53. pneumonia
54. Proteus sp.
55. Proteus vulgaris
56. Providencia sp.
57. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
58. psoriasis
59. pyelonephritis
60. pyoderma gangrenosum
61. Salmonella sp.
62. seborrheic dermatitis
63. sepsis
64. Serratia marcescens
65. Serratia sp.
66. Shigella sp.
67. skin and skin structure infections
68. Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
69. Staphylococcus epidermidis
70. Staphylococcus sp.
71. Streptococcus pneumoniae
72. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci)
73. surgical infection prophylaxis
74. tubo-ovarian abscess
75. tularemia
76. urinary tract infection (UTI)
77. ventriculitis
78. Yersinia pestis

Side Effects

1. agranulocytosis
2. alopecia
3. anaphylactoid reactions
4. anemia
5. arthralgia
6. azotemia
7. confusion
8. conjunctival hyperemia
9. conjunctivitis
10. cylindruria
11. depression
12. dizziness
13. elevated hepatic enzymes
14. encephalopathy
15. eosinophilia
16. erythema
17. fever
18. hallucinations
19. headache
20. hearing loss
21. hepatomegaly
22. hyperbilirubinemia
23. hypersalivation
24. hypertension
25. hypocalcemia
26. hypokalemia
27. hypomagnesemia
28. hyponatremia
29. hypotension
30. impaired wound healing
31. increased intracranial pressure
32. injection site reaction
33. laryngeal edema
34. lethargy
35. leukopenia
36. myasthenia
37. nausea
38. nephrotoxicity
39. neurotoxicity
40. ocular irritation
41. oliguria
42. ototoxicity
43. paresthesias
44. peripheral neuropathy
45. phlebitis
46. photosensitivity
47. proteinuria
48. pruritus
49. pseudotumor cerebri
50. pulmonary fibrosis
51. purpura
52. pyuria
53. rash
54. renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
55. respiratory depression
56. skin irritation
57. splenomegaly
58. stomatitis
59. tetany
60. thrombocytopenia
61. tinnitus
62. urticaria
63. vertigo
64. vitamin B12 deficiency
65. vitamin B6 deficiency
66. vomiting
67. weakness
68. weight loss

Monitoring Parameters

• audiometry
• serum aminoglycoside concentrations
• serum creatinine/BUN

Contraindications

• aminoglycoside hypersensitivity
• antimicrobial resistance
• botulism
• breast-feeding
• colitis
• corneal abrasion
• dehydration
• diarrhea
• electrolyte imbalance
• fungal infection
• geriatric
• GI disease
• hearing impairment
• inflammatory bowel disease
• myasthenia gravis
• neonates
• nephrotoxicity
• neuromuscular disease
• neurotoxicity
• ototoxicity
• parkinsonism
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• pseudomembranous colitis
• renal disease
• renal failure
• renal impairment
• respiratory depression
• respiratory insufficiency
• sexually transmitted disease
• sulfite hypersensitivity
• tinnitus
• ulcerative colitis
• viral infection

Interactions

• Acetaminophen; Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Magnesium Salicylate; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Phenyltoloxamine; Salicylamide
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine
• Acetaminophen; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine; Phenyltoloxamine
• Acetaminophen; Diphenhydramine
• Acyclovir
• Adefovir
• Aldesleukin, IL-2
• Aminosalicylate sodium, Aminosalicylic acid
• Amphotericin B
• Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD)
• Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC)
• Amphotericin B liposomal (LAmB)
• Aprotinin
• Aspirin, ASA
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Butalbital; Caffeine; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Orphenadrine
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol
• Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine
• Aspirin, ASA; Citric Acid; Sodium Bicarbonate
• Aspirin, ASA; Dipyridamole
• Aspirin, ASA; Omeprazole
• Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone
• Aspirin, ASA; Pravastatin
• Atracurium
• Atropine; Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Atropine; Hyoscyamine; Phenobarbital; Scopolamine
• Azelastine; Fluticasone
• Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine, BCG
• Bacitracin
• Beclomethasone
• Benzoic Acid; Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate
• Betamethasone
• Bictegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
• Bismuth Subsalicylate
• Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline
• Bleomycin
• Botulinum Toxins
• Budesonide
• Budesonide; Formoterol
• Bumetanide
• Capreomycin
• Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine
• Carbetapentane; Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Carbetapentane; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Carboplatin
• Cefepime
• Cefotaxime
• Cefotetan
• Cefoxitin
• Cefprozil
• Ceftazidime
• Ceftazidime; Avibactam
• Ceftizoxime
• Cefuroxime
• Chlorpheniramine
• Chlorpheniramine; Codeine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan
• Chlorpheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Phenylephrine
• Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
• Chlorpromazine
• Choline Salicylate; Magnesium Salicylate
• Ciclesonide
• Cidofovir
• Cisatracurium
• Cisplatin
• Clofarabine
• Codeine; Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Codeine; Promethazine
• Corticosteroids
• Cortisone
• Cyclizine
• Cyclosporine
• Cytarabine, ARA-C
• Darunavir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
• Deferasirox
• Deflazacort
• Dexamethasone
• Dextromethorphan; Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Dextromethorphan; Promethazine
• Digoxin
• Dimenhydrinate
• Diphenhydramine
• Diphenhydramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine
• Diphenhydramine; Ibuprofen
• Diphenhydramine; Naproxen
• Diphenhydramine; Phenylephrine
• Doravirine; Lamivudine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
• Doxacurium
• Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir
• Efavirenz; Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
• Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide
• Elvitegravir; Cobicistat; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
• Emtricitabine
• Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir alafenamide
• Emtricitabine; Rilpivirine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
• Emtricitabine; Tenofovir alafenamide
• Emtricitabine; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
• Enflurane
• Entecavir
• Ethacrynic Acid
• Etomidate
• Fludrocortisone
• Flunisolide
• Fluphenazine
• Fluticasone
• Fluticasone; Salmeterol
• Fluticasone; Umeclidinium; Vilanterol
• Fluticasone; Vilanterol
• Formoterol; Mometasone
• Foscarnet
• Furosemide
• Gallium
• Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate
• Galsulfase
• Ganciclovir
• Ginger, Zingiber officinale
• Gold
• Halothane
• Hyaluronidase, Recombinant; Immune Globulin
• Hydrocortisone
• Hyoscyamine; Methenamine; Methylene Blue; Phenyl Salicylate; Sodium Biphosphate
• Ibandronate
• Ibuprofen lysine
• Immune Globulin IV, IVIG, IGIV
• Inotersen
• Iohexol
• Iopamidol
• Iopromide
• Ioversol
• Isoflurane
• Isosulfan Blue
• Ketamine
• Lamivudine; Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
• Lithium
• Magnesium Salicylate
• Mannitol
• Meclizine
• Meperidine; Promethazine
• Mesoridazine
• Methohexital
• Methylprednisolone
• Mivacurium
• Mometasone
• Neuromuscular blockers
• Non-Ionic Contrast Media
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Oral Contraceptives
• Pamidronate
• Pancuronium
• Pentamidine
• Perphenazine
• Perphenazine; Amitriptyline
• Phenylephrine; Promethazine
• Polymyxin B
• Polymyxins
• Prednisolone
• Prednisone
• Promethazine
• Propofol
• Pyridostigmine
• Rapacuronium
• Rocuronium
• Salicylates
• Salsalate
• Scopolamine
• Sevoflurane
• Sodium picosulfate; Magnesium oxide; Anhydrous citric acid
• Streptozocin
• Succinylcholine
• Sulfacetamide
• Sulfacetamide; Sulfur
• Surfactants
• Tacrolimus
• Telavancin
• Tenofovir Alafenamide
• Tenofovir, PMPA
• Thiopental
• Thioridazine
• Tolvaptan
• Torsemide
• Tretinoin, ATRA
• Triamcinolone
• Trifluoperazine
• Trimethobenzamide
• Tubocurarine
• Urea
• Valacyclovir
• Valganciclovir
• Vancomycin
• Vecuronium
• Warfarin
• Zalcitabine, ddC
• Zoledronic Acid