Pregnancy

Indications for obstetric ultrasound in the second and third trimester There are numerous indications for US imaging in the second (and third) trimester, the most common ones including screening evaluation of fetal anatomy; screening for fetal anomalies; estimation of gestational age; and evaluation of fetal growth, fetal well-being, fetal presentation, cervical insufficiency, amniotic fluid status, …

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What is a heterotopic pregnancy? A heterotopic pregnancy occurs when there are concurrent intrauterine and extrauterine gestations. The frequency of heterotopic pregnancies in natural conceptions is approximately 1 in 30,000. Patients who are pregnant by in vitro fertilization or the use of ovulation induction have a higher incidence of multiple gestations and are also at …

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What is a pseudogestational sac? In the setting of an ectopic pregnancy, a variable amount of fluid or hypoechoic debris may accumulate within the endometrial cavity, giving rise to a pseudogestational sac of an ectopic pregnancy. This collection of fluid and debris may be surrounded by a single, thin, echogenic rim of decidual reaction due …

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Types of early pregnancy complications, and describe their Ultrasound appearances Ultrasound Appearance of Six Types of Early Pregnancy Complications TYPE OF ABORTION DEFINITION ULTRASOUND FINDINGS Threatened abortion Vaginal bleeding with a closed cervical os Ranges from live embryo to a small empty gestational sac to a normal empty uterus Abortion in progress Intrauterine gestation in …

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Possible causes of a positive serum β HCG level and an empty uterus on Ultrasound • Early normal intrauterine pregnancy (<5 weeks). • Complete spontaneous abortion. • Ectopic pregnancy.

Causes of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester • Implantation bleed. • Subchorionic hemorrhage. • Embryonic pregnancy/blighted ovum. • Embryonic demise. • Spontaneous abortion. • Ectopic pregnancy. • Molar pregnancy.

What is the first trimester nuchal translucency measurement? Screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities can include a sonographic measurement of fetal NT (the anechoic soft tissue posterior to the cervical spine or occipital bone) in the first trimester between a gestational age of 11 to 14 weeks. NT measurements are used in conjunction with maternal serum …

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