Does Ultrasound have a role in assessing second and third trimester maternal pain and bleeding? The major consideration in any pregnant patient presenting with pelvic pain or bleeding is placental hemorrhage and placental abruption. Risk factors for placental hemorrhage include maternal hypertension, smoking, alcohol or cocaine use, trauma, and premature rupture of membranes. The role …
Various types of placenta accreta Invasion of the placenta into the uterine wall is referred to as placenta accreta. Risk factors for placenta accreta include prior placenta previa, prior uterine surgery (cesarean section, myomectomy), prior retained products of conception, and multiparity. Placenta accreta is further defined as accreta vera (also called accreta; the most common …
various types of placenta previa The placenta normally terminates >2 cm above the internal cervical os. Extension of the placental edge within 2 cm of the internal os is referred to as low-lying placenta. Extension of the placenta up to or over the cervix is referred to as placenta previa. Placenta previa can be marginal (at the …
How is cervical incompetence evaluated sonographically? Cervical length can first be assessed transabdominally with a partially distended bladder. A fully distended bladder may falsely lengthen the cervix due to mass effect. If the cervix is not well visualized or appears shortened transabdominally, then transvaginal or transperineal imaging should be performed. The normal cervical length is …
How is cervical incompetence evaluated sonographically Read More »
How is the amniotic fluid volume measured? Amniotic fluid volume can be assessed qualitatively (by an experienced imager) or measured semiquantitatively. For semiquantitative assessment, the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is calculated by individually measuring and then adding together the deepest vertical empty fluid pockets (no umbilical cord or fetal parts) in each quadrant. A normal …
How is gestational age determined in the second trimester? The most accurate estimation of gestational age is in the first trimester based on embryonic crown-rump length. In the second trimester (after 14 weeks gestation), dating is based on a combination of fetal measurements including biparietal diameter (BPD) (measured in the transverse plane at the level …
How is gestational age determined in the second trimester Read More »
Basic components of a standard second trimester Ultrasound examination A standard second trimester US examination includes documentation of the following: • Fetal number and presentation. • Fetal cardiac activity. • Estimate of amniotic fluid volume. • Location, appearance, and relationship of the placenta to the internal cervical os. • Placental location. • Gestational age. • Fetal weight estimation. • Fetal anatomic survey, including …
Basic components of a standard second trimester Ultrasound examination Read More »