What is the role of Ultrasound for conjoined twins? Conjoined twins constitute a rare (about 1 per 200,000 live births in the United States) complication of twinning in which the dividing zygote that would result in separate embryos fails to divide completely. The chief role of US is to determine the type of conjoined twins, …
What are the important ultrasound findings in evaluation of abnormalities in twins, and what are the treatment methods? Both monochorionic and dichorionic twins are subject to the same anomalies that can affect a singleton fetus. However, for monochorionic twins, the abnormalities peculiar to these twins typically involve a discrepancy in the sizes of the fetuses …
Important ultrasound findings in evaluation of abnormalities in twins Read More »
What is lower urinary tract obstruction in a fetus, and how is it diagnosed and treated? LUTO is often the result of posterior urethral valves and affects males much more often than females. In females, posterior urethral valves do not occur, so other etiologies are considered. Ultrasound diagnostic findings include: • A markedly distended urinary bladder, …
What is involved in the evaluation of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), and how is it treated? SCTs are relatively rare tumors that arise at the base of the coccyx. The majority (≈75%) are benign. For US, the imaging is directed to determine: • The characteristics of the teratoma: cystic, solid, or mixed. • The size and volume of …
How is congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated? Fetal open surgery for CDH has shifted to postnatal procedures after stabilization of the neonate. Though open fetal surgery was initially utilized, survival rates were low. Advances in the care of neonates with CDH meant that the survival rate of neonates with CDH was higher than the survival rate …
How is the diagnosis of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) made sonographically, and what features and measurements are important? CDH is suspected if: • The fetal stomach is not seen in the fetal abdomen and is evident at the level of the heart on a transverse image of the fetal thorax • The stomach is not at …
Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome What is CHAOS, and how is it diagnosed and treated? Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) results from obstruction of the trachea above the level of the carina, usually from laryngeal or tracheal stenosis, but it can be from any cause of obstruction or severe stenosis high in the airway. …