What are the features of psychogenic amnesia ? In most cases of psychogenic amnesia, patients exhibit biologically unlikely patterns of impairment. Commonly, autobiographical memory is disproportionately affected, sparing memories of political and entertainment events. Patients often exhibit deficits in remote memories, which are normally very resistant to damage. New learning (anterograde memory) is often spared. Nevertheless, reversible …
What are the most common causes of amnestic syndromes? The etiologies for amnestic syndromes can be divided according to their anatomic location: Medial temporal lobes—hypoxia, herpes simplex encephalitis, early AD, posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), strokes (thalamic and temporal lobe), surgery Diencephalon—Korsakoff’s syndrome (thiamine deficiency), thalamic strokes, surgery Basal forebrain—anterior communicating artery aneurysm bleed or clipping …
Symptoms of transient global amnesia What are the clinical characteristics of transient global amnesia? Patients develop a sudden, isolated amnestic syndrome without structural brain abnormalities (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), which usually has a duration of 12 to 24 hours. Afterward, patients will not remember the episode because they are unable to encode new memories during it. …
Declarative memory What is declarative memory and how does it differ from nondeclarative memory? Declarative or explicit memories are facts and events that are available to consciousness. They require awareness, allow conscious recollection, utilize the hippocampal system, and are the type of memory damaged in amnesia. Declarative memory can be either semantic or episodic. Semantic memory refers to fund of knowledge …
Stages of fact based memory storage What are the different stages of fact based memory storage such as recalling a list of words? Clinically, memory can be conceptualized in a three-stage model. Registration (sensory) memory holds large amounts of incoming information briefly in sensory stores, such as the visual or auditory cortex. This information is …
Psychiatry in Neurology 1. Psychiatric diagnoses, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , 5th Edition (DSM-5), are generally idiopathic diagnoses of exclusion based on sign and symptom clusters (i.e., phenomenology-based syndromes) that cause “clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.” 2. Rather than categorically exclusive, mental illnesses, including personality disorders, …
ABC approach for managing problematic behavior The antecedents–behavior–consequences (ABC) method approaches behavior from a classical and operant conditioning perspective—i.e., behavior is either conditioned to occur due to particular stimuli (antecedents) and/or is reinforced by reward (consequences). Avoiding the stimuli, deconditioning the response, or manipulating the consequences can eliminate, reduce, or redirect problematic behavior.