What are the characteristics of a left sided IVC? Left-sided IVC occurs in 0.2% to 0.5% of patients. This vessel usually crosses to the right side of the abdomen at the level of the left renal vein and suprarenally continues in the position of the normal right-sided cava.
What should be done in a patient with duplicated IVC who needs an IVC filter? Failure to recognize the presence of a duplicated IVC may lead to the placement of a single filter in the right-sided cava. A filter in this position would leave the entire left leg and left pelvis “unprotected” because a clot …
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Can a cavogram be performed if the patient is allergic to iodinated contrast material or has an elevated creatinine level? If iodinated contrast material cannot be used because of an elevated creatinine level or a severe contrast agent allergy, a cavogram can be performed using intravenous CO 2 or gadolinium-based contrast material as an alternative contrast agent. …
How common is IVC duplication? What does it look like on a cavogram? IVC duplication occurs in 0.2% to 0.3% of patients. In a patient with a duplicated IVC, the left common iliac vein does not join with the right common iliac vein but instead extends cranially to join the left renal vein. Simultaneous injections …
What common venous anomalies are seen on a cavogram? In interpreting a cavogram, one should be familiar with the common venous anomalies, including circumaortic renal vein, retroaortic left renal vein, caval duplication, and left-sided IVC.
What do the renal veins look like on a cavogram? Usually, the renal veins are not opacified by contrast material injected into the IVC because the opacified blood in the cava flows preferentially back to the right atrium. The location of the renal veins can be determined, however, because unopacified blood from the renal veins …
How is a vena cavogram performed before IVC filter placement? A vena cavogram can be performed via access from a jugular vein, femoral vein, or arm vein. A 5-Fr pigtail catheter with radiopaque markers is recommended so that accurate measurements of the IVC can be taken. The tip of the catheter is placed just above …
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