What are the most common causes of small bowel obstruction in a child? AAIIMM is a mnemonic that makes it easy to remember the causes: • A = A dhesions, usually post-surgical. • A = A ppendicitis. • I = I ntussusception. • I = I ncarcerated inguinal hernia. • M = M alrotation with volvulus or bands. • M = M iscellaneous, such as Meckel’s diverticulum or intestinal duplication.
Main types of coarctation of the aorta Coarctation of the aorta is a focal flow-limiting narrowing of the aorta which can be either preductal (located upstream from the ductus arteriosus) or postductal (located downstream from the ductus arteriosus). In preductal coarctation, blood flow to the distal aorta is dependent on a patent ductus arteriosus and …
Major causes of pulmonary hypertension in children What are some of the major causes of pediatric pulmonary hypertension, and what are the major associated CT features? Causes of pediatric pulmonary hypertension may include: chronic lung disease of prematurity, CHD, sickle cell disease, chronic pulmonary emboli, and causes of left-sided heart failure (such as pulmonary vein …
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What is a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)? This is the most common congenital cardiovascular abnormality, with a prevalence of up to 2% in the general population and occurring more commonly in males. This includes a spectrum of aortic valve deformities where either two (rather than three normal) cusps are present, or three developmental anlagen of …
What is meant by a malignant course of an anomalous coronary artery? While there are many coronary artery anomalies that may be asymptomatic, an “interarterial” course of a coronary artery, with the right or left coronary artery extending between the aortic root and the pulmonary arterial trunk, may lead to extrinsic compression of the artery …
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What is the difference between TAPVR and scimitar syndrome? In TAPVR, all of the pulmonary veins empty into the systemic venous circulation instead of the left atrium, creating increased pulmonary blood flow and cyanosis. Scimitar syndrome, or pulmonary venolobar syndrome, is considered to be a type of PAPVR. A characteristic “scimitar” sign is seen on …
What are Major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs)? MAPCAs stands for major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries. These can arise when there is compromise of pulmonary blood flow in CHD, often tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. CT or MRI may identify suspected MAPCAs arising from the aorta to supply the lungs. Unrestricted MAPCAs may lead …