What are common forms of a duplex kidney? A duplex kidney (duplication of the kidney, collecting system, and ureters) arises from abnormal development of the ureteric bud. Although various degrees of duplication may be present, in the full-blown condition, the kidney is large, and there are separate collecting systems and ureters that drain the upper …
What is primary megaureter? Primary megaureter is congenital narrowing at the UVJ that results from an abnormal proportion of muscle fibers and fibrous tissue in the distalmost 3 to 4 cm of the ureter. It occurs more commonly than previously realized and can be either obstructive or nonobstructive. When primary megaureter is obstructive, the degree of …
What are posterior urethral valves? At the distal end of the verumontanum, several folds, or plicae, arise and pass caudally to encircle a portion of the membranous urethra. These plicae occur normally and vary in the extent to which they encircle the urethra. When they fuse anteriorly, they form the most common type of posterior …
Most common forms of congenital hydronephrosis • Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. • UVJ obstruction, commonly referred to as primary megaureter. • VUR. • Renal and ureteral duplication anomalies. • Posterior urethral valves. • Prune-belly syndrome. When should a postnatal renal and bladder Ultrasound examination be obtained in a patient with congenital hydronephrosis? A postnatal renal and bladder US examination should be …
What is the role of MRI in a child with UTI? MRI can be utilized to detect complications of UTI such as pyelonephritis, renal and perinephric/psoas abscess formation, and renal scarring.
Renal Ultrasound in suspected pyelonephritis How useful is renal Ultrasound in the workup of suspected pyelonephritis? Gray-scale US is limited in its ability to depict acute pyelonephritis. The sensitivity of US is increased, however, when power Doppler US is used. The latter technique is an advance in Doppler US that depicts normal and abnormal blood …
What is the top down approach in the evaluation of the child with a history of UTI? The “top-down approach” refers to a protocol that more selectively identifies children with history of UTI who may require voiding cystography. In these patients, rather than having a VCUG performed initially, VCUG is obtained based on whether an …
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