Health

Noninfectious conditions that can cause bilateral parotid swelling Diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, cirrhosis, and uremia cause a reduction of saliva production and flow (Related: Hepatic cirrhosis) Like mumps infection, these conditions can result in parotid swelling or enlargement, which is generally bilateral (Related: Hepatic cirrhosis) Can be differentiated clinically by presence of clinical symptoms and signs of underlying …

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3 Interesting Facts of Suppurative parotitis Bacterial infection of the parotid gland; usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or gram-negative organisms  Can be differentiated clinically by more rapid onset of swelling, severe tenderness, induration, and erythema overlying the parotid gland  Expression of pus from parotid duct with massage of the gland confirms diagnosis

Acute nonparamyxovirus viral parotitis Influenza Cytomegalovirus infection Viral cultures and serology can be used for differentiation  HIV infection (Related: Influenza) Bilateral parotid swelling is common in HIV-infected children  Enlarged parotids can be painful, but not always  Associated with lymphoepithelial cysts  Differentiate based on laboratory testing including ELISA (screening), Western blot (confirmation), HIV viral load (progression), and …

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in both children and adults  Typical presentation includes persistent cough, fever, and upper respiratory tract symptoms (eg, coryza, sore throat) Diagnostic testing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections involves primarily serology and/or molecular assays Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other relevant organisms provides rapid …

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Viral diseases that affect the respiratory tract Caused by numerous pathogens including respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 Viral respiratory tract infections may lead to pneumonia and be associated with asthma exacerbations  Similar presenting symptoms include cough, fever, headache, and fatigue Physical examination may find wheezing, rhonchi, and acute respiratory distress Differentiating …

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4 Interesting Facts of Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection Causes atypical pneumonia (less commonly than Mycoplasma pneumoniae does) Responsible for about 10% of community-acquired pneumonia  As with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae infection can cause bronchitis, cough, and malaise  Gradual onset; incubation period is about 21 days  Infection may persist for weeks or months  Unlike in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, laryngitis is a common manifestation Several …

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5 Interesting Facts of Pneumococcal pneumonia Disease caused by pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae)  Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (incidence varies worldwide and may vary by changing rates of pneumococcal vaccination and smoking, but among cases with a diagnosed pathogen, pneumococcal pneumonia still predominates)  Symptoms similar to those of Mycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection include fever, cough, and pharyngitis  Patients …

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