5 Interesting Facts of Nonnephritic hematuria Hematuria may originate from ureter, bladder, or prostate due to malignancy, infection, trauma, or stones Clinical presentation may be distinctive (associated renal colic with stones, fever and dysuria with infection) Oliguria is unusual unless there is complete or partial obstruction by stones or malignancy Hypertension and edema are absent …
Thin basement membrane disease Thin basement membrane disease includes familial benign hematuria, familial hematuric nephritis, benign hereditary nephritis Most common cause of persistent hematuria in both children and adults; affects about 1% of population Renal impairment is usually not associated with disease, which is a lifelong and nonprogressive disorder; family history is often positive for …
6 Interesting Facts of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Intracranial pathology such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and intracranial hemorrhage may present similarly with central nervous system irritability and seizures Underlying causes of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage are diverse (eg, stroke, prematurity, trauma, bleeding diathesis, vascular malformations) Cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is compromised blood or oxygen supply during pregnancy and/or …
Neonatal abstinence syndrome caused by nonopioid substances Several other pharmaceutical compounds and mood-altering substances may result in a form of neonatal withdrawal syndrome that is almost impossible to differentiate clinically from opioid-associated neonatal abstinence syndrome Similar presentation may be associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tetracyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, ethanol, methamphetamines, cocaine, …
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7 Interesting Facts of Nephrolithiasis Most common kidney stone composition is calcium oxalate, followed by calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine Noncontrast CT of abdomen and pelvis is the gold standard imaging test; however, secondary risks from radiation exposure should prompt consideration of alternative imaging, particularly in pediatric or pregnant patients Urinalysis should be …
3 Interesting Facts of Acute Pyelonephritis Obstructing stone can mimic clinical features of fever and flank pain found in acute pyelonephritis Pyelonephritis can also coexist with stone Differentiate with urine Gram stain and culture to determine causative pathogen in pyelonephritis
3 Interesting Facts of Acute Cystitis Stone positioned in either ureter at ureterovesical junction can mimic acute cystitis Cystitis can coexist with stone Differentiate with: Urine Gram stain and culture to determine causative pathogen in cystitis Noncontrast CT of abdomen and pelvis, which detects most renal stones (more than 90%) and most ureteral stones (more …