Difference between impairment and disability Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiologic, or anatomic structure or function (e.g., impairment of vision). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, disability results from impairment; it is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered …
What is pain Some dictionaries define pain as “An unpleasant sensation, occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease, or emotional disorder.” The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of …
Regional osteopenia Definition: Decreased bone density confined to a region or segment of the appendicular skeleton. Most common 1. Disuse —typically distal foot and ankle, hand and wrist. 2. Complex regional pain syndrome —typically unilateral upper limb. Triple phase uptake on bone scintigraphy. 3. Inflammatory arthropathy . 4. Septic arthritis . Less common 5. Transient osteoporosis of the hip . 6. Regional migratory osteoporosis . 7. Haemophilic arthropathy . …
Exophytic and juxtacortical bone lesions 1. Callus —can be profuse, e.g. after an avulsion fracture, if bones misaligned or in malunion. 2. Osteochondroma —well-defined exophytic bony mass (sessile or pedunculated), usually arising from metaphysis and pointing away from the joint. The cortex and trabeculae within the lesion should be continuous with those in the metaphysis. Can transform to chondrosarcoma: …
Lucent bone lesion containing calcium or bone Most common 1. Enchondroma — chondroid matrix. 2. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma —lucent nidus can contain calcification. 3. Avascular necrosis and bone infarction . 4. Metastases — some are mixed lytic and sclerotic. Less common 5. Chondroblastoma —chondroid matrix. Epiphyseal location. 6. Chondrosarcoma —chondroid matrix. Usually metaphyseal. 7. Osteosarcoma —osteoid matrix. Usually metaphyseal. 8. Fibrous dysplasia —usually ground-glass density but can be sclerotic. 9. Osteomyelitis with sequestrum . …
Lucent epiphyseal bone lesion This includes carpal and tarsal bones since they are epiphyseal equivalents. 1. Lesions related to joint pathology —e.g. geode, intraosseous ganglion, erosion, osteochondral defect, PVNS. 2. Giant cell tumour —nonsclerotic margin, extends from metaphysis to epiphysis. Mainly in adults. 3. Chondroblastoma —perilesional sclerosis ± chondroid calcification. Typically 10–20 years. 4. Infection —including Brodie’s abscess. 5. Location-specific lesions —e.g. intraosseous lipoma (calcaneus, …
Grossly expansile lucent bone lesion Most common 1. Plasmacytoma —older patients, usually in axial or proximal appendicular skeleton. 2. Metastases —RCC, thyroid, HCC, phaeochromocytoma, melanoma. Usually in axial or proximal appendicular skeleton. 3. Aneurysmal bone cyst —in children and young adults. Usually has a thin sclerotic margin. 4. Giant cell tumour —usually older patients than ABC. Often abuts articular surface, no sclerotic margin. …