What factors should be considered when determining the management of glycemia in older patients with type 2 diabetes? Among U.S. residents aged ≥65 years, 12 million (25%) were known to have diabetes in 2015. When managing diabetes in the elderly, treatment decisions should be individualized and should consider medical, psychological, functional, and social conditions for …
Should subclinical hypothyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism be treated in the elderly? Subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals < 65 years of age is associated with increased ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality; however, in several meta-analyses of studies in elderly patients, these risk associations were not found. In addition to the diagnostic dilemma posed by the absence …
What thyroid conditions are more prevalent with aging? Thyroid nodules increase with age, with an estimated prevalence of 37% to 57% in the elderly population. The risk of malignancy in a nodule also increases with age, however the prevalence of thyroid cancer is not necessarily higher in adults over age 60 depending on the population …
What do thyroid function profiles look like in older adults? Interpreting data from studies done in elderly subjects regarding thyroid function is difficult because evaluation is often complicated by the increased prevalence of chronic diseases and medication use. Nevertheless, serum TSH concentrations and distributions appear to increase with age, independent of the presence of antithyroid …
What happens to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis with aging? The HPA axis activity changes with aging and is different between the genders. The cortisol response to pharmacologic and psychological stressors is augmented with aging in both men and women. Interestingly, women have a more exaggerated response compared with men, suggesting that the loss of female …
Does GHRH supplementation affect GH secretion cognition mood and sleep? Elderly individuals often experience lack of sleep at night and feel tired during the day. This may be attributed to the near total loss of slow-wave sleep (stage N3 or “deep sleep”). Of interest, the periods of slow-wave sleep in younger individuals coincide exactly with …
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Is GH replacement recommended for the healthy elderly? Although GH therapy in younger GH-deficient patients improves body composition, bone mineral density, exercise capacity, cardiac function, cholesterol levels, and quality of life, and may decrease mortality, the efficacy and safety of therapy for the otherwise “healthy” elderly is controversial. A 2007 systematic review of clinical trials …
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