What is Warfarin Warfarin is an oral coumarin anticoagulant. In 1939, it was discovered that spoiled sweet clover possessed anticoagulant properties due to the presence of a compound identified as bishydroxycoumarin. In 1948, a potent congener was introduced as an effective rodenticide; this compound was named warfarin. Warfarin is a racemic mixture of two active …
What is Xylometazoline NOTE: This drug is discontinued in the U.S. Xylometazoline hydrochloride is a topical sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor. It is structurally and pharmacologically related to other imidazoline derivatives such as naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline. Topical nasal decongestants provide temporary relief of nasal congestion associated with colds, allergies, and sinusitis. Xylometazoline is generally not used for …
What is Xylitol Xylitol is an oral bacteriostatic medical food used to normalize upper airway and oral flora. It is a sugar alcohol often referred to as birch sugar because it can be produced from birch trees. Xylitol is also found in fruits and vegetables including strawberries, plums, raspberries, and cauliflower. It is most widely …
What is Yellow Fever Vaccine Live Yellow fever vaccine live is a subcutaneously administered preparation of live, attenuated yellow fever virus. Yellow fever, so named because some patients get jaundice, is found primarily in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. The disease is caused by a flavivirus that is transmitted by Aedes …
What is Zonisamide Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant. It is a derivative of a series of compounds known as benzisoxazoles. The pharmacological profile is similar to that of carbamazepine and phenytoin; however, no comparative double-blind trials have been published. Zonisamide showed a significant reduction in seizure frequency as compared to placebo. No less than 28% …
What is Zolpidem Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic used for the treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem is available in various orally administered formulations (e.g., Ambien, Ambien CR, Zolpimist) for difficulty with sleep initiation, with one formulation (Intermezzo) granted the first FDA approval for difficulty falling back to sleep following middle-of-the-night awakenings. Zolpidem has a rapid onset …
What is Zolmitriptan Zolmitriptan (311C90) is an antimigraine agent. Zolmitriptan has actions similar to those of sumatriptan, but unlike sumatriptan, zolmitriptan can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to act centrally within the trigeminovascular system. In preclinical trials, zolmitriptan had response rates as high as 81% within two hours of dosing. Zolmitriptan is approved for the treatment …