Drugs

Admission criteria of Opioid Withdrawal – American Society of Addiction Medicine. Level Definition Management Typical patient Treatment delivery 1 Mild withdrawal with daily or less than daily outpatient supervision Ambulatory (outpatient) withdrawal management not requiring extended onsite monitoring Has not used high-potency opioids (eg, injectable or smokable forms) daily for more than 2 weeks before …

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Sedative hypnotic withdrawal Early sedative-hypnotic withdrawal symptoms are similar to opioid withdrawal: agitation, anxiety, increased vital signs, tremors, and gastrointestinal distress As withdrawal develops further, symptoms of untreated or undertreated sedative-hypnotic withdrawal are more severe and may be life-threatening (eg, seizures, cardiovascular instability and collapse, coma) compared with opioid withdrawal History of sustained sedative-hypnotic use …

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Clonidine and Oxymetazoline toxicity Both drugs are centrally acting α₁-blockers that cause depressed mental status, bradycardia, hypotension, and miosis Partial response to naloxone is common No easy or consistent way to differentiate from opioid toxicity Urine test for these drugs is typically available only at reference laboratories Results will not change patient management Most children …

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What are some important contraindications to corticosteroid joint injections? Absolute contraindications to corticosteroid joint injections include local or intraarticular sepsis, bacteremia, intraarticular fracture, and joint instability. If a patient has an infection at the time of corticosteroid injection, the primary concern is introduction of infection into the joint or worsening of a preexisting joint infection. …

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What are the complications of corticosteroid use in musculoskeletal procedures? Complications of corticosteroid injection for musculoskeletal procedures include: septic arthritis, postinjection flare, local tissue atrophy, hypopigmentation/fat necrosis, tendon rupture, cartilage damage, facial flushing, and increased serum glucose levels. The most dreaded complication after a joint injection is septic arthritis. With the practice of good sterile …

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Which drug used for pain control is contraindicated in patients taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor Meperidine administered to patients taking MAO inhibitors can cause various undesirable and potentially lethal side effects and is contraindicated. Side effects include agitation, fever, and seizures progressing in some instances to coma, apnea, and death. The narcotic analgesic of choice …

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What are the typical effects of opiates? Opiates provide systemic analgesia, mild anxiolysis, and mild sedation. Opiates do not induce amnesia.