how dantrolene might be used to treat spasticity Dantrolene is believed to act primarily in the peripheral nervous system rather than centrally through a direct effect on muscle contraction. Clinical trials have suggested its benefit in reducing spasticity associated with cerebrovascular accidents, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. It may be hepatotoxic and …
how baclofen might be used to treat spasticity Baclofen is believed to act on presynaptic mechanisms to enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity as well as to reduce the release of various excitatory neurotransmitters. Although originally developed in the United States for spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis, it has been prescribed for many other conditions associated …
What medications can be used to treat spasticity? Baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam, and tizanidine are medications that can be used to control spasticity. Spasticity can be painful and is associated with congenital conditions such as cerebral palsy, as well as acquired conditions including multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and cerebrovascular accidents. There is no clear evidence …
How might quinine be used as a muscle relaxant? Quinine increases muscle refractory time so that the muscle’s response to continued stimulation is reduced. This property might be the reason quinine may be effective for the treatment of muscle cramps. Clinically, quinine is most commonly used to treat nocturnal muscle cramps at an oral dose …
What is the mechanism of action of muscle relaxants? The true mechanism of action of currently used muscle relaxants is poorly understood. Individual medications do have certain mechanisms of action associated with them, but whether a specific mechanism is responsible for their clinical effect is uncertain. Many of the available muscle relaxants also have sedating effects, and …
Are there any agents being developed specifically for visceral pain? Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, and lubiprostone, a chloride channel activator, have demonstrated analgesic efficacy in both animal models of visceral pain and patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. In humans, the analgesic efficacy of these drugs is closely tied to their promotility effects. Serotonin …
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What are chemokine receptors, and how do they modulate pain? Chemokine receptor type 2 is a chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte chemotaxis. Antagonism results in a reduced monocyte infiltration and is thought to have potential in disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. However, there was a recent negative phase II posttraumatic neuralgia …