What conditions are associated with both renal stone disease and hypercalciuria?
- Calcium stones account for 80% of all kidney stones. Approximately 40% to 50% of calcium stone formers have hypercalciuria. Of those with hypercalciuria, 40% have IH, 5% have primary hyperparathyroidism, and 3% have renal tubular acidosis.
- Other causes of hypercalciuria include excessive dietary vitamin D, excessive calcium and alkali intake, sarcoidosis, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism, Paget’s disease of bone, and immobilization.
- Nephrolithiasis is also associated with infection, acute and chronic kidney injury, coronary artery disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome.
