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Systemic hemodynamic monitoring in patients with acute brain injury
What systemic hemodynamic monitoring is indicated in patients with acute brain injury
Systemic Hemodynamic Monitoring
| Noninvasive | Invasive |
|---|---|
| ECG | Invasive blood pressure monitoring |
| Arterial blood pressure | Central venous pressure monitoring |
| Pulse oximetry | Mixed venous oxygen (SvO 2 ) and serum lactate |
| Transthoracic echocardiogram (baseline when signs of cardiac dysfunction) | Arterial pressure waveform-derived (PiCCO, LiDCO) for cardiac output monitoring |
