What is Ovarian Torsion

Ovarian torsion is when an ovary becomes twisted and cuts off its own blood supply. The ovaries are small organs in the lower abdomen that produce eggs in women.

In many cases, both the ovary and the fallopian tube on the affected side become twisted (adnexal torsion). This causes the ovary to swell. If left untreated, the ovary may become infected, which can be painful. Ovarian torsion can happen at any age.

Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency that must be treated quickly, generally with surgery.

What are the causes?

Ovarian torsion is commonly caused by having an ovary that is larger than normal (enlarged). It may also be a complication of pregnancy. In some cases, the cause may not be known.

What increases the risk?

This condition is more likely to develop in women who:

• Have ovaries that are enlarged because of ovarian cysts.
• Take fertility medicine to become pregnant.
• Are pregnant.
• Have a history of ovarian torsion.

What are the signs or symptoms?

The main symptom of this condition is pain in the lower abdomen, usually on one side of the body. The pain may be severe and may come and go suddenly. Other symptoms may include:

• Abdominal pain that spreads to the sides, lower back, or thighs.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Fever.

How is this diagnosed?

This condition is diagnosed based on your medical history and a physical exam. Your health care provider may perform a pelvic exam, and he or she may feel your abdomen to check for an enlarged ovary. You may have tests, such as:

• A pregnancy test.
• An ultrasound to look at your ovary and the blood flow to your ovaries.
• CT scan.
• MRI.
• Diagnostic laparoscopy. This is a procedure in which a thin tube with a light and camera on the end (laparoscope) is inserted through a small incision in your abdomen to look at your ovary.

How is this treated?

This condition is treated with surgery to untwist the ovary (laparoscopic ovarian torsion surgery). If treated early, ovarian function can usually be restored. If the ovary cannot be untwisted, the ovary will have to be surgically removed (oophorectomy).

The decision to remove your ovary will be based on your age, your desire to have children, and the condition of your ovary at the time of surgery.