Hypophosphatemia

What is Hypophosphatemia

Hypophosphatemia is when the level of phosphate in a person’s blood is low. Phosphate is an important mineral (electrolyte) for the strength and structure of bones and teeth. Phosphate is also important for muscle functioning. Low blood phosphate levels can cause a variety of symptoms and problems.

What are the causes?

Rapid (acute) onset of this condition may be caused by:

  • Alcoholism.
  • Severe burns.
  • Total parenteral nutrition.
  • Refeeding after a long period of starvation or poor nutrition.
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Slower (chronic) onset of this condition may be caused by:

  • Chronic diarrhea.
  • Vitamin D deficiency.
  • Excessive use of antacids containing aluminum.
  • Excessive use of diuretics.
  • Hyperparathyroidism.
  • Use of steroid medicines.
  • Hypothyroidism.
  • Low levels of other electrolytes, such as magnesium (hypomagnesemia) or potassium (hypokalemia).
  • Genetic kidney problems, such as autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets.
  • A condition caused by certain types of tumors (oncogenic osteomalacia).

What are the signs or symptoms?

Symptoms of this condition include:

  • Bone pain.
  • Bowed legs.
  • Growth problems, such as short height.
  • Weak muscles.
  • Confusion.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Seizures.

How is this diagnosed?

This condition is usually diagnosed through blood tests.

How is this treated?

Treatment for this condition may include:

  • Phosphate given by mouth (orally) or given through an IV tube inserted into one of your veins. The method used for giving phosphate will depend on the severity of the condition.
  • Vitamin D.

Other treatment will depend on the cause of the condition.

Follow these instructions at home:

  • Follow diet instructions from your health care provider or dietitian.
  • Keep all follow-up visits as told by your health care provider. This is important.

Contact a health care provider if:

  • You develop increased weakness.

Get help right away if:

  • You have chest pain.
  • You have difficulty breathing.
  • You think you may have a bone fracture.
  • You have severe pain in your joints or bones.
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