Differential diagnosis of anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis is defined as inflammation occurring predominantly anterior to the lens of the eye. Iritis and iridocyclitis are examples of anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis accounts for 50% to 80% of all cases of uveitis. Most cases are idiopathic, followed by HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis. Other causes include sarcoidosis, Behçet’s disease, infectious etiologies (HSV, VZV, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein–Barr virus, TB, syphilis, and Lyme), multiple sclerosis, Posner-Schlossman syndrome, drugs (e.g., bisphosphonates, rifabutin, cidofovir, sulfonamides, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [CTLA4] antibodies and programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1] inhibitors), and trauma.
JIA, TINU, and Kawasaki disease are the most common associations in the pediatric population.
Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis is a common cause of chronic, unilateral anterior uveitis characterized by iris heterochromia.
