What are the clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia?
The manifestations of hypocalcemia depend as much on the rate of its occurrence as on the degree of the reduction in plasma calcium. Symptoms include neuromuscular manifestations such as tetany, muscle spasm, cramps, carpopedal spasm, irritability, and seizures. Cardiovascular manifestations include hypotension, and congestive heart failure.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities: prolonged QT intervals, QRS complex and ST-segment changes that resemble acute myocardial infarction, conduction abnormalities.
